ArticleAnalytical chemistry2015
Analysis of a common cold virus and its subviral particles by gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis and native mass spectrometry.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- High resolution ES-DMA quantifies AAV capsid DNA content by electrical mobility to mass correlation.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Optimized Propagation and Purification Protocols for Large-Scale Production of Rhinovirus C.Viruses · 2026Article
- Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 structural heterogeneity and stability characterized by charge detection mass spectrometry.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Gas-Phase Electrophoresis (nES GEMMA Instrumentation) of SARS-CoV-2-Based Virus-like Particles.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Application of Gas-Phase Electrophoresis (nES GEMMA Instrumentation) in Molecular Weight Determination.Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS · 2025Review
- Single particle charge detection mass spectrometry enables molecular characterization of lipid nanoparticles and mRNA packaging.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Characterizing Heterogeneous Mixtures of Assembled States of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Using Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2022Article
- Apodization Specific Fitting for Improved Resolution, Charge Measurement, and Data Analysis Speed in Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2022Article
- Effects of Molecular Size on Resolution in Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Approaches to Heterogeneity in Native Mass Spectrometry.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Molecular weight determination of adeno-associate virus serotype 8 virus-like particle either carrying or lacking genome via native nES gas-phase electrophoretic molecular mobility analysis and nESI QRTOF mass spectrometry.Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS · 2021Article
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- Online hyphenation of size-exclusion chromatography and gas-phase electrophoresis facilitates the characterization of protein aggregates.Electrophoresis · 2021Article
- Review
- Direct observation of ion emission from charged aqueous nanodrops: effects on gaseous macromolecular charging.Chemical science · 2021Article
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Structural Virology.Analytical chemistry · 2021Review
- N-terminal VP1 Truncations FavorVaccines · 2020Article
- Bipolar Corona Discharge-Based Charge Equilibration for Nano Electrospray Gas-Phase Electrophoretic Mobility Molecular Analysis of Bio- and Polymer Nanoparticles.Analytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Virus-like particle size and molecular weight/mass determination applying gas-phase electrophoresis (native nES GEMMA).Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (GEMMA) separates nanometer-sized, single-charged particles according to their electrophoretic mobility (EM) diameter after transition to the gas-phase via a nano electrospray process. Electrospraying as a soft desorption/ionization technique preserves noncovalent biospecific interactions. GEMMA is therefore well suited for the analysis of intact viruses and subviral particles targeting questions related to particle size, bioaffinity, and purity of preparations. By correlating the EM diameter to the molecular mass (Mr) of standards, the Mr of analytes can be determined. Here, we demonstrate (i) the use of GEMMA in purity assessment of a preparation of a common cold virus (human rhinovirus serotype 2, HRV-A2) and (ii) the analysis of subviral HRV-A2 particles derived from such a preparation. (iii) Likewise, native mass spectrometry was employed to obtain spectra of intact HRV-A2 virions and empty viral capsids (B-particles). Charge state resolution for the latter allowed its Mr determination. (iv) Cumulatively, the data measured and published earlier were used to establish a correlation between the Mr and EM diameter for a range of globular proteins and the intact virions. Although a good correlation resulted from this analysis, we noticed a discrepancy especially for the empty and subviral particles. This demonstrates the influence of genome encapsulation (preventing analytes from shrinking upon transition into the gas-phase) on the measured analyte EM diameter. To conclude, GEMMA is useful for the determination of the Mr of intact viruses but needs to be employed with caution when subviral particles or even empty viral capsids are targeted. The latter could be analyzed by native MS.
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