ArticleUpsala journal of medical sciences2015
The rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine in rats is associated with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus.
Article in Upsala journal of medical sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ketamine's effect on inflammation and kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Mechanism of antidepressant action of ketamine and differences between its two enantiomers.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Ketamine Reverses Chronic Stress-Induced Behavioral Changes via the Expression of CaFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- The impact of ketamine on cognitive outcomes in geriatric anesthesia: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Ketamine does not rescue plaque load or gap detection in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation and stress-induced pathophysiology in major depressive disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Article
- The role of astrocytes in depression, its prevention, and treatment by targeting astroglial gliotransmitter release.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Ketamine's mechanism of action with an emphasis on neuroimmune regulation: can the complement system complement ketamine's antidepressant effects?Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Ketamine exerts dual effects on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons from fetal rats in vitro.Metabolic brain disease · 2023Article
- Elevated Plasma Levels of Mature Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Higher Suicidal Ideation.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Inflammation, stress and depression: An exploration of ketamine's therapeutic profile.Drug discovery today · 2023Review
- Ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics: An update on the mechanisms and biosignatures underlying rapid-acting antidepressant treatment.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Inhibition of Microglial GSK3β Activity Is Common to Different Kinds of Antidepressants: A Proposal for an In Vitro Screen to Detect Novel Antidepressant Principles.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Sleep and Healthy Aging Research on Depression (SHARE-D) randomized controlled trial: Protocol overview of an experimental model of depression with insomnia, inflammation, and affect mechanisms in older adults.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Exploring the impact of ketogenic diet on multiple sclerosis: obesity, anxiety, depression, and the glutamate system.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: a review of actions with relevance to treatment-resistance and neuroprogression.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Neuroinflammation and neuroprogression in depression: Effects of alternative drug treatments.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Review
- Inflammation-driven brain and gut barrier dysfunction in stress and mood disorders.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Review
- Effects of stress on endophenotypes of suicide across species: A role for ketamine in risk mitigation.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesActive inflammatory responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. We hypothesized that the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine is associated with the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators.
methodsForty-eight rats were equally randomized into six groups (a control and five chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) groups) and given either saline or 10 mg/kg ketamine, respectively. The forced swimming test was performed, and the hippocampus was subsequently harvested for the determination of levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), kynurenine (KYN), and tryptophan (TRP).
resultsCUMS induced depression-like behaviours and up-regulated the hippocampal levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IDO, and the KYN/TRP ratio, which were attenuated by a sub-anaesthetic dose of ketamine.
conclusionCUMS-induced depression-like behaviours are associated with a reduction in hippocampal inflammatory mediators, whereas ketamine's antidepressant effect is associated with a down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the rat hippocampus.
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