ReviewThorax2016
The molecular targets of approved treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Review in Thorax, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Guanylate cyclase stimulators for pulmonary hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Bioequivalence and Tolerability of Ambrisentan: A Pharmacokinetic Study in Mexican Healthy Male Subjects.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020Trial
- Risk assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.The European respiratory journal · 2019Trial
- Prostanoid EP₂ Receptors Are Up-Regulated in Human Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Key Anti-Proliferative Target for Treprostinil in Smooth Muscle Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Trial
- Development of a population pharmacokinetic model using combined paediatric and adult data for four pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- From bedroom to boardroom: erectile dysfunction as a window into cardiovascular health.The Canadian journal of urology · 2026Review
- The Role of Platelets in Pulmonary Hypertension: From Activation to Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling-A Review Article.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases as drug targets.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Empagliflozin Attenuates Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Activation.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Urolithin A Protects against Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Inhibiting Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Pyroptosis via AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Switching from Beraprost to Selexipag in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Insights from a Phase IV Study of the Japanese Registry (The EXCEL Study: EXChange from bEraprost to seLexipag Study).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Molecular recognition and activation of the prostacyclin receptor by anti-pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs.Science advances · 2024Article
- The nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP pathway in pulmonary hypertension: from PDE5 to soluble guanylate cyclase.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Prostaglandin and prostaglandin receptors: present and future promising therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.Respiratory research · 2023Review
- Review
- Pyrazole-containing pharmaceuticals: target, pharmacological activity, and their SAR studies.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2022Review
- Study to Explore the Association of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Right Ventricular Function in Mechanically Ventilated Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Until recently, three classes of medical therapy were available for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)--prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. With the approval of the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat, an additional drug class has become available targeting a distinct molecular target in the same pathway as PDE5 inhibitors. Treatment recommendations currently include the use of all four drug classes to treat PAH, but there is a lack of comparative data for these therapies. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanistic differences between these agents is critical when making treatment decisions. Combination therapy is often used to treat PAH and it is therefore important that physicians understand how the modes of action of these drugs may interact to work as complementary partners, or potentially with unwanted consequences. Furthermore, different patient phenotypes mean that patients respond differently to treatment; while a certain monotherapy may be adequate for some patients, for others it will be important to consider alternating or combining compounds with different molecular targets. This review describes how the four currently approved drug classes target the complex pathobiology of PAH and will consider the distinct target molecules of each drug class, their modes of action, and review the pivotal clinical trial data supporting their use. It will also discuss the rationale for combining drugs (or not) from the different classes, and review the clinical data from studies on combination therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.