ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2015
Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07638189 (Pilot Study Using Topical Cannabidiol), which is not on this map. Cited by 572 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Study Using Topical Cannabidiol (CBD) to Manage Osteoarthritic Knee Pain
Who cites it
572 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 980 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulating the endocannabinoid system in alcohol use disorder: A translational systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and human studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic Potential for Cannabidiol on Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- [Recommendations of the DGRh Committee on Complementary Medicine and Nutrition on the application of selected phytotherapeutic drugs and herbal medicines in rheumatology].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Guideline
- The Impact of Cannabis Use on Cognition in People with HIV: Evidence of Function-Dependent Effects and Mechanisms from Clinical and Preclinical Studies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Cannabidiol in Liver Disease: A Systemic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Recent cannabis exposure and acute nicotine effects: insights from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intravenous nicotine studies.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Phase 2, open-label INSPIRE trial to assess the tolerability and effectiveness of transdermal cannabidiol gel in children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (ZYN2-CL-031).Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Trial
- CBD attenuates amygdala response to negative emotional stimuli in individuals with alcohol use disorder - a randomized controlled trial.Psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Vaporized cannabis versus placebo for acute migraine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.Headache · 2026Trial
- Long-term safety and tolerability of transdermal cannabidiol gel in children and adolescents with Fragile X syndrome (ZYN2-CL-017): an interim analysis of an ongoing open-label extension study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Trial
- Does cannabidiol reduce the adverse effects of cannabis in schizophrenia? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Cannabidiol attenuates precuneus activation during appetitive cue exposure in individuals with alcohol use disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Trial
- The neural and psychophysiological effects of cannabidiol in youth with alcohol use disorder: A randomized controlled clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Evaluating the Abuse Potential of Lenabasum, a Selective Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonist.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Trial
- Acute effects of different types of cannabis on young adult and adolescent resting-state brain networks.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Cannabidiol as an Adjunct to Botulinum Toxin in Blepharospasm - A Randomized Pilot Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Trial
- The acute effects of cannabis with and without cannabidiol in adults and adolescents: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experiment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Trial
- Cannabidiol and ΔToxicology · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol in Alzheimer's disease: evidence-weighted molecular mechanisms and translational challenges.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Cannabinoids and sleep bruxism: mechanistic rationale, polysomnographic evidence, and future research directions.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Review
512 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeCannabidiol has been reported to act as an antagonist at cannabinoid CB1 receptors. We hypothesized that cannabidiol would inhibit cannabinoid agonist activity through negative allosteric modulation of CB1 receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Internalization of CB1 receptors, arrestin2 recruitment, and PLCβ3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, were quantified in HEK 293A cells heterologously expressing CB1 receptors and in the STHdh(Q7/Q7) cell model of striatal neurons endogenously expressing CB1 receptors. Cells were treated with 2-arachidonylglycerol or Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol alone and in combination with different concentrations of cannabidiol. KEY
resultsCannabidiol reduced the efficacy and potency of 2-arachidonylglycerol and Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol on PLCβ3- and ERK1/2-dependent signalling in cells heterologously (HEK 293A) or endogenously (STHdh(Q7/Q7)) expressing CB1 receptors. By reducing arrestin2 recruitment to CB1 receptors, cannabidiol treatment prevented internalization of these receptors. The allosteric activity of cannabidiol depended upon polar residues being present at positions 98 and 107 in the extracellular amino terminus of the CB1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Cannabidiol behaved as a non-competitive negative allosteric modulator of CB1 receptors. Allosteric modulation, in conjunction with effects not mediated by CB1 receptors, may explain the in vivo effects of cannabidiol. Allosteric modulators of CB1 receptors have the potential to treat CNS and peripheral disorders while avoiding the adverse effects associated with orthosteric agonism or antagonism of these receptors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.