ReviewCurrent opinion in lipidology2015
Emerging roles of flavin monooxygenase 3 in cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis.
Review in Current opinion in lipidology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels with early Atherosclerosis in Humans.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Gut microbial trimethylamine N-oxide generation promotes risk of atrial fibrillation via muscarinic receptor-mediated autonomic dysfunction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in postmenopausal women relative to age-matched men and premenopausal women among individuals with obesity.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- From the gut to the lungs: The role of gut microbiota in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and related research progress.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- A lower LDL-c/ApoB ratio is associated with an increased prevalence of gallstones in the regional Chinese adult population, according to a retrospective, propensity-matched analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms, disease-specific roles, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Polydatin combined with hawthorn flavonoids alleviate high fat diet induced atherosclerosis by remodeling the gut microbiota and glycolipid metabolism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Gut microbial metabolism in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Review
- Dysfunction of cecal microbiota and CutC activity in mice mediating diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Pharmacogenomics of response to statin treatment and susceptibility to statin-induced adverse drug reactions in Asians: a scoping review.Asian biomedicine : research, reviews and news · 2023Article
- Microbiota Effect on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production: From Cancer to Fitness-A Practical Preventing Recommendation and Therapies.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Gut Microbiota-Derived TMAO: A Causal Factor Promoting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Ten-year changes in plasma L-carnitine levels and risk of coronary heart disease.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- How to employ metabolomic analysis to research on functions of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry gut health?Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by microbial-derived metabolites.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- A bibliometric analysis of studies on the gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease from 2004 to 2022.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Changes in gut-microbiota-related metabolites and long-term improvements in lipoprotein subspecies in overweight and obese adults: the POUNDS lost trial.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Article
- A surgical method for continuous intraportal infusion of gut microbial metabolites in mice.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA Expression Analysis in Liver of Mice WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Gut Microbiome Alterations in Patients With Carotid Atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewAtherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease still remain the largest cause of mortality worldwide. Several recent studies have discovered that metabolism of common nutrients by gut microbes can produce a proatherogenic metabolite called trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). The goal of this review is to discuss emerging evidence that the hepatic enzyme that generates TMAO, flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), plays a regulatory role in maintaining whole body cholesterol balance and atherosclerosis development. RECENT
findingsSeveral independent studies have recently uncovered a link between either FMO3 itself or its enzymatic product TMAO with atherosclerosis and hepatic insulin resistance. These recent studies show that inhibition of FMO3 stimulates macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and protects against atherosclerosis in mice. SUMMARY: A growing body of work demonstrates that nutrients present in high-fat foods (phosphatidylcholine, choline and L-carnitine) can be metabolized by the gut microbial enzymes to generate trimethylamine, which is then further metabolized by the host enzyme FMO3 to produce proatherogenic TMAO. Here, we discuss emerging evidence that the TMAO-producing enzyme FMO3 is centrally involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulating cholesterol metabolism and insulin resistance, and how these new insights provide exciting new avenues for cardiovascular disease therapies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.