ArticlePloS one2015
Planar Covariation of Hindlimb and Forelimb Elevation Angles during Terrestrial and Aquatic Locomotion of Dogs.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Foot trajectory as a key factor for diverse gait patterns in quadruped robot locomotion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Kinematics and mechanical changes with step frequency at different running speeds.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Quantification of phenobarbital-induced ataxia in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Method to Develop Legs for Underwater Robots: From Multibody Dynamics with Experimental Data to Mechatronic Implementation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Control of Mammalian Locomotion by Somatosensory Feedback.Comprehensive Physiology · 2021Article
- Simple decentralized control mechanism that enables limb adjustment for adaptive quadruped running.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Development of outcome measures according to dystrophic phenotypes in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan.Experimental animals · 2021Article
- Effect of a Corset on the Gait of Healthy Beagle Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 2 - Hindlimbs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Neuromusculoskeletal model that walks and runs across a speed range with a few motor control parameter changes based on the muscle synergy hypothesis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Variant and Invariant Spatiotemporal Structures in Kinematic Coordination to Regulate Speed During Walking and Running.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2019Article
- Gait Generation and Its Energy Efficiency Based on Rat Neuromusculoskeletal Model.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Article
- Accelerometric outcomes of motor function related to clinical evaluations and muscle involvement in dystrophic dogs.PloS one · 2018Article
- Comparative kinematic gait analysis in young and old Beagle dogs.Journal of veterinary science · 2017Article
- Planar covariance of upper and lower limb elevation angles during hand-foot crawling in healthy young adults.Experimental brain research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rich repertoire of locomotor behaviors in quadrupedal animals requires flexible inter-limb and inter-segmental coordination. Here we studied the kinematic coordination of different gaits (walk, trot, gallop, and swim) of six dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and, in particular, the planar covariation of limb segment elevation angles. The results showed significant variations in the relative duration of rearward limb movement, amplitude of angular motion, and inter-limb coordination, with gait patterns ranging from a lateral sequence of footfalls during walking to a diagonal sequence in swimming. Despite these differences, the planar law of inter-segmental coordination was maintained across different gaits in both forelimbs and hindlimbs. Notably, phase relationships and orientation of the covariation plane were highly limb specific, consistent with the functional differences in their neural control. Factor analysis of published muscle activity data also demonstrated differences in the characteristic timing of basic activation patterns of the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Overall, the results demonstrate that the planar covariation of inter-segmental coordination has emerged for both fore- and hindlimbs and all gaits, although in a limb-specific manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.