Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26216216›Full record

ReviewHuman genomics2015

Epigenetic inheritance and the missing heritability.

Marco Trerotola, Valeria Relli, Pasquale Simeone, Saverio Alberti

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Human genomics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
129citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

129 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Harnessing artificial intelligence in plant breeding: innovations in digital phenotyping and breeding methodologies.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Stochastic modeling of epigenetic memory.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Reversing transgene silencing via targeted chromatin editing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Genomic advancements in goat breeding: enhancing productivity, disease resistance, and sustainability in India's rural economy.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. HMCN1 variants aggravate epidermolysis bullosa simplex phenotype.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Role of epigenetics in corneal health and disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Marco TrerotolaUnit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI, Foundation University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy. marco.trerotola@gmail.com.
Valeria RelliUnit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI, Foundation University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy. valeria.relli@gmail.com.
Pasquale SimeoneUnit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI, Foundation University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy. simeone.pasquale@gmail.com.
Saverio AlbertiUnit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI, Foundation University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy. s.alberti@unich.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies of complex physiological traits and diseases consistently found that associated genetic factors, such as allelic polymorphisms or DNA mutations, only explained a minority of the expected heritable fraction. This discrepancy is known as "missing heritability", and its underlying factors and molecular mechanisms are not established. Epigenetic programs may account for a significant fraction of the "missing heritability." Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and chromatin assembly states, reflect the high plasticity of the genome and contribute to stably alter gene expression without modifying genomic DNA sequences. Consistent components of complex traits, such as those linked to human stature/height, fertility, and food metabolism or to hereditary defects, have been shown to respond to environmental or nutritional condition and to be epigenetically inherited. The knowledge acquired from epigenetic genome reprogramming during development, stem cell differentiation/de-differentiation, and model organisms is today shedding light on the mechanisms of (a) mitotic inheritance of epigenetic traits from cell to cell, (b) meiotic epigenetic inheritance from generation to generation, and (c) true transgenerational inheritance. Such mechanisms have been shown to include incomplete erasure of DNA methylation, parental effects, transmission of distinct RNA types (mRNA, non-coding RNA, miRNA, siRNA, piRNA), and persistence of subsets of histone marks.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticCell DifferentiationCellular ReprogrammingChromatin Assembly and DisassemblyDNA MethylationGene Expression RegulationGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMeiosisMitosis

Identifiers

PMID26216216
PMCPMC4517414

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.