ReviewSeminars in nephrology2015
APOL1 Kidney Disease Risk Variants: An Evolving Landscape.
Review in Seminars in nephrology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apolipoprotein L1 risk genotypes and odds of lupus nephritis-associated kidney failure in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- APOL1 variant alleles associate with reduced risk for opportunistic infections in HIV infection.Communications biology · 2021Pooled it
- Burden of chronic kidney disease on the African continent: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2018Pooled it
- Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.Kidney international · 2018Guideline
- Update on APOL1 and chronic kidney diseases in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Proteomic risk score for early prediction of kidney disease progression in individuals with APOL1 high-risk genotypes.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Germline-targeted baboon apolipoprotein L-1 protects mice against African trypanosomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Unlocking Ethiopia's genomic landscape and its global significance: a call for inclusive genomics research.Human genomics · 2026Review
- A novelRenal failure · 2025Article
- Review
- Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors for APOL1 kidney disease: A call for studies.International urology and nephrology · 2025Review
- Sickle cell trait, APOL1 risk allele status and chronic kidney disease among ART-experienced adults living with HIV in northern Nigeria.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2025Article
- Review
- Interaction BetweenKidney international reports · 2025Article
- Alterations in DNA Methylation, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Profiles in African Ancestry Populations with APOL1 Risk Alleles.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- Clinical implications of apolipoprotein L1 testing in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a review of diagnostic and prognostic implications.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Embedding Equity and Inclusion Principles Into Nephrology Board Examinations: An Essential Part of Our Path Toward Kidney Health Justice.Advances in kidney disease and health · 2025Review
- Kidney transplantation between identical twins with APOL1 homozygote risk alleles - a case report.Frontiers in nephrology · 2025Article
- Differing sensitivities to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition of kidney disease mediated by APOL1 high-risk variants G1 and G2.Kidney international · 2024Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic variants account for much of the excess risk of chronic and end-stage kidney disease, which results in a significant global health disparity for persons of African ancestry. We estimate the lifetime risk of kidney disease in APOL1 dual-risk allele individuals to be at least 15%. Experimental evidence suggests a direct role of APOL1 in pore formation, cellular injury, and programmed cell death in renal injury. The APOL1 BH3 motif, often associated with cell death, is unlikely to play a role in APOL1-induced cytotoxicity because it is not conserved within the APOL family and is dispensable for cell death in vitro. We discuss two models for APOL1 trypanolytic activity: one involving lysosome permeabilization and another involving colloid-osmotic swelling of the cell body, as well as their relevance to human pathophysiology. Experimental evidence from human cell culture models suggests that both mechanisms may be operative. A systems biology approach whereby APOL1-associated perturbations in gene and protein expression in affected individuals are correlated with molecular pathways may be productive to elucidate APOL1 function in vivo.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.