ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2016
OX40, OX40L and Autoimmunity: a Comprehensive Review.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 170 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
170 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 276 citations in OpenAlex.
- In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- OX40L Inhibition Suppresses KLH-driven Immune Responses in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Trial Demonstrating Proof-of-Pharmacology for KY1005.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Trial
- A Phase 1 Study of KHK4083: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Single-Ascending-Dose Study in Healthy Adults and an Open-Label Multiple-Dose Study in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2021Trial
- Exploring the causal relationship and pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms with osteoporosis based on Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics study.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2026Article
- OX40/OX40L modulation: A target for regulating T cells in cutaneous inflammatory disorders.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Review
- The OX40-OX40L Co-Stimulatory Pathway as a Shared Driver of Immune Persistence in Skin and Airway Inflammation.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Decoding TNF receptor superfamily control of CD4Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- OX40L in endothelial cells promotes temporomandibular joint subchondral bone angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in mice.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- A CD40-OX40 co-stimulatory circuit orchestrates protective CD4Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Transcription factor Etv3 controls the tolerogenic function of dendritic cells.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune Crosstalk in Atopic Dermatitis: A Multiaxial Regulatory Network and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Emerging Therapeutics in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Current rheumatology reports · 2026Review
- Increased expression of OX40 on peripheral CD4Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Fusion protein-mediated costimulation in engineered T cells: from intrinsic signaling to tumor microenvironment rewiring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: interactions between innate and adaptive immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- JAK Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata: Approved Therapies, Efficacy, and Unanswered Questions.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint imbalance in ANCA-associated vasculitis: insights into disease activity and precision immunotherapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanistic insights into the OX40-OX40L complex from biophysical and computational analyses.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of the co-stimulatory molecule OX40 expression in Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- EngineeredMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor receptor OX40 (CD134) is activated by its cognate ligand OX40L (CD134L, CD252) and functions as a T cell co-stimulatory molecule. OX40-OX40L interactions have been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for treating autoimmunity. OX40 is expressed on activated T cells, and in the mouse at rest on regulatory T cells (Treg). OX40L is found on antigen-presenting cells, activated T cells and others including lymphoid tissue inducer cells, some endothelia and mast cells. Expression of both molecules is increased after antigen presentation occurs and also in response to multiple other pro-inflammatory factors including CD28 ligation, CD40L ligation and interferon-gamma signaling. Their interactions promote T cell survival, promote an effector T cell phenotype, promote T cell memory, tend to reduce regulatory function, increase effector cytokine production and enhance cell mobility. In some circumstances, OX40 agonism may be associated with increased tolerance, although timing with respect to antigenic stimulus is important. Further, recent work has suggested that OX40L blockade may be more effective than OX40 blockade in reducing autoimmunity. This article reviews the expression of OX40 and OX40L in health, the effects of their interactions and insights from their under- or over-expression. We then review OX40 and OX40L expression in human autoimmune disease, identified associations of variations in their genes (TNFRSF4 and TNFSF4, respectively) with autoimmunity, and data from animal models of human diseases. A rationale for blocking OX40-OX40L interaction in human autoimmunity is then presented along with commentary on the one trial of OX40L blockade in human disease conducted to date. Finally, we discuss potential problems with clinical use of OX40-OX40L directed pharmacotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.