ArticleBMC public health2015
Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution.
Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of socioeconomic status and remoteness of residence on pregnancy outcome in major congenital heart disease: mediation analysis.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026Article
- Suboptimal screening and correction of maternal iron deficiency anaemia in the general population and in inherited bleeding disorders: A population-based cohort study.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Development of the Thailand district-level Socioeconomic Deprivation Index: a census-based methodological study.Health research policy and systems · 2026Article
- Article
- Mapping socio-economic status using mixed data: a hierarchical Bayesian approach.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society) · 2025Article
- What tools are available to assess climate and environmental health impacts on perinatal families with an equity lens? A rapid review of the Canadian context.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Review
- Associations of congenital heart disease with deprivation index by rural-urban maternal residence: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction: retrospective study of ejection fraction trajectory risk.ESC heart failure · 2022Article
- Ability of municipality-level deprivation indices to capture social inequalities in perinatal health in France: A nationwide study using preterm birth and small for gestational age to illustrate their relevance.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Confounding by Socioeconomic Status in Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and Health: Challenges and Opportunities.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Review
- Article
- Neighbourhood maternal socioeconomic status indicators and risk of congenital heart disease.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Exploring the Nexus of Energy Burden, Social Capital, and Environmental Quality in Shaping Health in US Counties.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Spatiotemporal Patterns of Small for Gestational Age and Low Birth Weight Births and Associations With Land Use and Socioeconomic Status.Environmental health insights · 2019Article
- Socio-economic inequalities in exposure to industrial air pollution emissions in Quebec public schools.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2018Article
- Proximity to two main sources of industrial outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for childhood asthma in Edmonton, Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2018Article
- Ability of ecological deprivation indices to measure social inequalities in a French cohort.BMC public health · 2017Article
- Mapping outdoor habitat and abnormally small newborns to develop an ambient health hazard index.International journal of health geographics · 2017Article
- Air pollution, neighbourhood and maternal-level factors modify the effect of smoking on birth weight: a multilevel analysis in British Columbia, Canada.BMC public health · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health and potential modifier of the effects of environmental contaminants. There has been a lack of comprehensive indices for measuring overall SES in Canada. Here, a more comprehensive SES index is developed aiming to support future studies exploring health outcomes related to environmental pollution in Canada.
methodsSES variables (n = 22, Census Canada 2006) were selected based on: cultural identities, housing characteristics, variables identified in Canadian environmental injustice studies and a previous deprivation index (Pampalon index). Principal component analysis with a single varimax rotation (factor loadings ≥ │60│) was performed on SES variables for 52974 census dissemination areas (DA). The final index was created by averaging the factor scores per DA according to the three components retained. The index was validated by examining its association with preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks), term low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), small for gestational age (SGA, <10 percentile of birth weight for gestational age) and PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) exposures in Edmonton, Alberta (1999-2008).
resultsIndex values exhibited a relatively normal distribution (median = 0.11, mean = 0.0, SD = 0.58) across Canada. Values in Alberta tended to be higher than in Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories and Nunavut (Pearson chi-square p < 0.001 across provinces). Lower quintiles of our index and the Pampalon's index confirmed know associations with a higher prevalence of LBW, SGA, preterm birth and PM2.5 exposure. Results with our index exhibited greater statistical significance and a more consistent gradient of PM2.5 levels and prevalence of pregnancy outcomes.
conclusionsOur index reflects more dimensions of SES than an earlier index and it performed superiorly in capturing gradients in prevalence of pregnancy outcomes. It can be used for future research involving environmental pollution and health in Canada.
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