ArticlePLoS biology2015
Imperfect Vaccination Can Enhance the Transmission of Highly Virulent Pathogens.
Article in PLoS biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 218 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
218 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influence of the administration route and dose on the expression and antibody responses of a reporter and avian influenza self-amplifying mRNA vaccine in poultry.The veterinary quarterly · 2026Article
- Vaccination Reduces Shedding of Salmonid Alphavirus Subtype 3, but Bacterial Co-Infection Influences the Effect.Journal of fish diseases · 2026Article
- Environment and Host Genetics Drive Infection Outcomes in a Butterfly Host, but Do Not Interact With Each Other.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Research note: A novel double-gene deleted vaccine against hypervirulent MDV variant generated by CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing.Poultry science · 2026Article
- From protection to amplification: Imperfect chytridiomycosis prophylaxis increases infections in wild amphibians.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Infected host competence overshadows heterogeneity in susceptibility in shaping experimental epizootics.Ecology · 2026Article
- Prior pathogen exposure augments inter-individual heterogeneity in antibody levels and reinfection loads in a songbird-pathogen system.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Virulence of Marek's disease virus in Japan is linked to polymorphisms in theThe Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Exogenous IFN-α delivered as an intranasal adjunct to systemic vaccination directs vaccine-specific T-cell responses to the upper respiratory tract.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Understanding the direct and indirect impacts of disease response phenotypes on chicken coccidiosis epidemiology: A modelling approach.PloS one · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Marek's Disease Virus Type 2 and the Molecular and Pathology Characterization of Virus Isolates in China (2015-2024).Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Coexist or eliminate? Antibody-based functional silencing versus eradication in gut microbiome- targeted therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Breakthrough infections and incomplete vaccine efficacy drive pathogen immune escape.PloS one · 2026Article
- Global vaccination coverage and disease incidence in cattle, pigs, and poultry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Virulence evolution of a salmonid virus following a host jump.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Behavioural ecology in the twenty-first century.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Review
- Infected host competence overshadows heterogeneity in susceptibility in shaping experimental epizootics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Complete genome sequence and biological characteristics of a novel duck enteritis virus variant with a deletion in UL2.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Herpesvirus Detection, Transmission, and Predictive Modeling: With a Special Focus on Marek's Disease Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
158 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Could some vaccines drive the evolution of more virulent pathogens? Conventional wisdom is that natural selection will remove highly lethal pathogens if host death greatly reduces transmission. Vaccines that keep hosts alive but still allow transmission could thus allow very virulent strains to circulate in a population. Here we show experimentally that immunization of chickens against Marek's disease virus enhances the fitness of more virulent strains, making it possible for hyperpathogenic strains to transmit. Immunity elicited by direct vaccination or by maternal vaccination prolongs host survival but does not prevent infection, viral replication or transmission, thus extending the infectious periods of strains otherwise too lethal to persist. Our data show that anti-disease vaccines that do not prevent transmission can create conditions that promote the emergence of pathogen strains that cause more severe disease in unvaccinated hosts.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.