ReviewBehavioral neuroscience2015
Using the spatial learning index to evaluate performance on the water maze.
Review in Behavioral neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relative safety of glyphosate-resistant maize (CC-2) in rats.GM crops & food · 2025Article
- Altered NPTX2 dynamics associated with impaired cognitive aging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- A highly conserved neuronal microexon in DAAM1 controls actin dynamics, RHOA/ROCK signaling, and memory formation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer's disease.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- Spatial navigation entropy suggests allocentric dysfunction in PPPD.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Pregnancy-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are not associated with impaired maternal neuronal activity or memory function.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2024Article
- Nootropic effect of Indian Royal Jelly against okadaic acid induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease: Inhibition of neuroinflammation and acetylcholineesterase.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2024Article
- Sex-dependent effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia: implication for obstructive sleep apnea.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Individual differences in age-related neurocognitive outcomes: within-subject assessment of memory for odors.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Generation and Characterization of the First Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Mutated AβPP Inserted in a BALB/c Background (C.B6/J-APPswe).Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Preclinical trials in Alzheimer's disease: Sample size and effect size for behavioural and neuropathological outcomes in 5xFAD mice.PloS one · 2023Article
- Transcriptional changes in the rat brain induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Virtual Reality Water Maze Navigation in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Reading Disability: an Exploratory Study.Journal of pediatric neuropsychology · 2022Article
- Palm Oil Derived Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Vascular Dementia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Injection of amyloid-β to lateral ventricle induces gut microbiota dysbiosis in association with inhibition of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Virtual navigation in healthy aging: Activation during learning and deactivation during retrieval predicts successful memory for spatial locations.Neuropsychologia · 2022Article
- Morris water maze: a versatile and pertinent tool for assessing spatial learning and memory.Experimental animals · 2022Review
- Novel measures of Morris water maze performance that use vector field maps to assess accuracy, uncertainty, and intention of navigational searches.Hippocampus · 2022Article
- Individual differences in neurocognitive aging in outbred male and female long-evans rats.Behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Morris water maze was developed in 1981 and quickly became the standard task for assessing spatial memory and spatial navigation. Twenty years ago, Gallagher, Burwell, and Burchinal (1993) reported new variables and measures, including a spatial learning index, that greatly enhanced the utility of the Morris water maze for assessing subtle differences in performance on the task. The learning index provided a single number that could be used to elucidate neurobiological measures of hippocampal dysfunction, for example, correlation of learning performance with a biomarker of aging. In this review, as part of the commemoration of the 30th anniversary of Behavioral Neuroscience, we describe how the spatial learning index has contributed to the field of learning and memory, how it has advanced our understanding of normal and pathological cognitive aging, and how it has contributed to translation of findings into other species. Finally, we provide instruction into how the learning index can be extended to other tasks and data sets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.