Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26214118›Full record

ReviewThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2015

Timing of Environmental Exposures as a Critical Element in Breast Cancer Risk.

Suzanne E Fenton, Linda S Birnbaum

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Mycoestrogen Exposure during Pregnancy: Impact of theEnvironmental health perspectives · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. In utero DDT exposure and breast density before age 50.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2020
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Suzanne E FentonNational Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (L.S.B.), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
Linda S BirnbaumNational Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (L.S.B.), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences · US

Funding

Mammary Gland as a Sensitive End Point to Effects of Endocrine DisruptorsZIAES102785 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI FENTON, SUZANNE · 2010 to 2021
$38.1M
Studies of the fate of environmental contaminants in humans and animalsZIABC011476 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI BIRNBAUM, LINDA · 2013 to 2019
$5.8M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe role of the chemical environment in disease initiation or progression is becoming more evident. Endocrine disruption via environmental chemicals is now well documented in humans, rodent research models, and wildlife. Breast cancer is an endocrine-based disease whose risk may be modified by environmental exposures. Our purpose is to encourage more investigation into early life environmental exposures as they relate to breast cancer risk factors and disease over a lifetime. EVIDENCE: The 2009 President's Cancer Panel, 2012 Institute of Medicine, 2013 Interagency Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Coordinating Committee reports, and research publications dated ≥2012 in PubMed were used to inform our perspective. CONSENSUS PROCESS: Literature was reviewed and evidence gathered on the effects of the environment on risk of breast cancer or mammary tumor development in animal research models as it pertained to the influence of timing of exposure on later-life outcomes.

conclusionsEvidence has accumulated for several chemicals that environmental factors have a stronger effect on breast cancer risk when exposure occurred early in life. The insecticide, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is an excellent example and is just one of several chemicals for which there seems to be both animal and human evidence for the developmental basis of adult disease. The developing breast undergoes many changes in early life, leaving it vulnerable to the effects of epigenetic marks, endocrine disruption, and carcinogens. More research is needed in the area of early beginnings of breast cancer, with prevention of the disease as the ultimate goal.

Indexed as

Environmental ExposureBreast NeoplasmsEndocrine DisruptorsHumansTime FactorsEndocrine Disruptors

Identifiers

PMID26214118
PMCPMC4570175
OpenAlexW1907735402

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.