ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2015
Tim-3 and Tim-4 as the potential targets for antitumor therapy.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIM-3 in AML: pathogenic roles and therapeutic targetability.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of the TIM-3/Gal-9 signaling pathway on macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Exogenous Galectin-9 prevents peri-implantitis in rats by regulating macrophage polarization.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Directed protein engineering identifies a human TIM-4 blocking antibody that enhances anti-tumor response to checkpoint inhibition in murine colon carcinoma.Antibody therapeutics · 2024Article
- Review
- Mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors: insights into the regulation of circular RNAS involved in cancer hallmarks.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors associated cardiovascular immune-related adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Targeting LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Heparin and Heparin-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Pleiotropic Molecular Effects at Multiple Drug Resistance of Osteosarcoma and Immune Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- N-Glycosylation at Asn291 Stabilizes TIM-4 and Promotes the Metastasis of NSCLC.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Early and late stage MPN patients show distinct gene expression profiles in CD34Annals of hematology · 2021Article
- Single-Cell RNA-Seq of T Cells in B-ALL Patients Reveals an Exhausted Subset with Remarkable Heterogeneity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer: Challenges and Future Prospects.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- The TIM3/Gal9 signaling pathway: An emerging target for cancer immunotherapy.Cancer letters · 2021Article
- Immunological status of peripheral blood is associated with prognosis in patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma.Oncology letters · 2021Article
- One Stone, Two Birds: The Roles of Tim-3 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Targeting Tim-3 in Cancer With Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Both Tim-3 and Tim-4 belong to the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) gene family, which plays a critical role in immunoregulation. Tim-3 has been suggested as a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity due to its function on inducing T cells exhaustion in cancer. In addition to its expression on exhausted T cells, Tim-3 also has been reported to up-regulate on nature killer (NK) cells and promote NK cells functionally exhausted in cancer. While Tim-3 selectively expression on most types of leukemia stem cells, it promotes the progression of acute myeloid leukemia. Recently, data from experimental models of tumor discovered that Tim-3 and Tim-4 up-regulation on tumor associated dendritic cells and macrophages attenuated the anti-tumor effects of cancer vaccines and chemotherapy. Moreover, co-blockage of Tim-3 and PD-1, Tim-3 and CD137, Tim-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) could enhance cell-mediated immunity in advanced tumor, and combined treatment with anti-Tim-3 and anti-Tim-4 mAbs further increase the efficacy of cancer vaccines. The therapeutic manipulation of TIM-3 and TIM-4 may provide a novel strategy to improve the clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.