Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26211661›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2015

Long-term effects of mental disorders on employment in the National Comorbidity Survey ten-year follow-up.

Ramin Mojtabai, Elizabeth A Stuart, Irving Hwang, Ryoko Susukida, William W Eaton, Nancy Sampson, Ronald C Kessler

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
40.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Economic analyses of supported employment programmes for people with mental health conditions: A systematic review.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
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  10. The PADRIS-PRESTO cohort: A comprehensive population-based study on mental health in Catalonia.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
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  17. Impact of the Great Recession on Adults With Autism and Their Mothers.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2024
    Article
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  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ramin MojtabaiDepartment of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway, Room 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. rmojtab1@jhu.edu.
Elizabeth A StuartDepartment of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway, Room 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Irving HwangDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ryoko SusukidaDepartment of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway, Room 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
William W EatonDepartment of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway, Room 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Nancy SampsonDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ronald C KesslerDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USHarvard University · US

Funding

MENTAL DISORDERS AS RISK FACTORS FOR SUBSTANCE DISORDERSR01DA012058 · NIDA · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 1999 to 2003
$6.3M
Risk Factors for Psychopathology in the WHO WMH SurveysR01MH070884 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2005 to 2009
$6.0M
Social Role Disability and Mental-Physical Co-MorbidityR01MH069864 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN OF WASHINGTON · PI VON KORFF, MICHAEL R · 2004 to 2007
$2.2M
CROSS-NATIONAL STUDIES OF DRUG INVOLVEMENT: WMH2000R01DA016558 · NIDA · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTHONY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER · 2003 to 2008
$1.7M
EPIDEMIOLOGY--ALCOHOL, DRUG ABUSE, AND MENTAL DISORDERSR01MH046376 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 1989 to 2000
$744k
World Mental Health Consortium Annual Meeting 2003-07R13MH066849 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HEERINGA, STEVEN G · 2003 to 2007
$735k
Social Consequences of Mental Disorders: A Ten-Year Follow-up StudyR01MH096826 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MOJTABAI, RAMIN · 2013 to 2014
$563k
Lebanon-Epidemiology: The NCS Replication StudyR03TW006481 · FIC · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2004 to 2006
$142k
FIC NIH HHS R03 TW006481FIC NIH HHS R03TW006481NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA012058NIDA NIH HHS R01DA012058NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016558NIDA NIH HHS R01DA016558NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH046376NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069864NIMH NIH HHS R01MH069864NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070884NIMH NIH HHS R01MH070884NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH096826NIMH NIH HHS R01MH096826NIMH NIH HHS R13 MH066849NIMH NIH HHS R13MH066849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAlthough significant negative associations of mental disorders with employment have been documented in epidemiological research, much of this research was based on cross-sectional samples and focused only on severe and persistent mental disorders. The present study examined the longitudinal associations of more common mental disorders with employment.

methodsData on the associations of common mental disorders with employment are presented here from 4501 respondents in the National Comorbidity Survey panel study, a two-wave community epidemiological survey of respondents aged 15-54 at baseline (1990-1992) who were re-interviewed in 2001-2003 and were employed, unemployed in the labor force or student at baseline. Lifetime mental disorders at baseline and disorders with onset after baseline were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a fully structured interview that assessed lifetime prevalence of internalizing fear disorders (panic, phobias), anxiety/misery disorders (major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder), externalizing disorders (conduct disorder, alcohol and illicit drug abuse-dependence), and bipolar disorder.

resultsBoth baseline lifetime disorders and disorders with onsets after baseline were associated with significantly reduced odds of subsequent employment among respondents who were either employed or students at baseline. Population projections based on the assumption that these associations represented causal effects suggest that the mental disorders considered here were associated with 1.7-3.2 million adults being unemployed in the US population at follow-up.

conclusionsExpanded access to treatment among current employees and students with mental disorders might lead to improved employment outcomes in these segments of the population.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultComorbidityEmploymentFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMental DisordersMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung AdultDisabilityEmploymentEpidemiological surveyImpairment in functioning

Identifiers

PMID26211661
PMCPMC4618045
OpenAlexW2210091846

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.