Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26210895›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in immunology2015

Testing the 'toxin hypothesis of allergy': mast cells, IgE, and innate and acquired immune responses to venoms.

Mindy Tsai, Philipp Starkl, Thomas Marichal, Stephen J Galli

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. LRO biogenesis and function: what can we learn from mast cells?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Mast Cells in the Skin: Defenders of Integrity or Offenders in Inflammation?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Review
  12. Article
  13. The Influence of Silver Nanoparticles Against Toxic Effects ofInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2021
    Article
  14. Hello, kitty: could cat allergy be a form of intoxication?The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2020
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Allergy in an Evolutionary Framework.Journal of molecular evolution · 2020
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Mindy TsaiDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Philipp StarklDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Thomas MarichalGIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
Stephen J GalliDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: sgalli@stanford.edu.
Stanford University · USUniversity of Liège · BE

Funding

Tracking allergen specific T cells in multi-food allergyU19AI104209 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GALLI, STEPHEN JOSEPH · 2013 to 2025
$17.3M
Role of Mast Cells in Inflammation and ImmunityR01CA072074 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GALLI, STEPHEN JOSEPH · 1996 to 2010
$4.4M
Expression and Modulation of Mast Cell Function in AsthmaR01AI070813 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GALLI, STEPHEN JOSEPH · 2006 to 2010
$2.5M
Regulation of Mast Cell Development and FunctionR01AI023990 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GALLI, STEPHEN JOSEPH · 1986 to 2010
$2.4M
REGULATION OF MAST CELL DEVELOPMENT &FUNCTIONR37AI023990 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GALLI, STEPHEN J · 1996 to 2005
$2.2M
RabGEF1 in MyD88 signaling, skin immunity, and atopic dermatitisR01AR067145 · NIAMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GALLI, STEPHEN JOSEPH · 2015 to 2019
$1.9M
NCI NIH HHS CA072074NCI NIH HHS R01 CA072074NIAID NIH HHS AI023990NIAID NIH HHS AI070813NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI023990NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI070813NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI023990NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI104209NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI10429NIAMS NIH HHS AR067145NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR067145
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Work in mice indicates that innate functions of mast cells, particularly degradation of venom toxins by mast cell-derived proteases, can enhance resistance to certain arthropod or reptile venoms. Recent reports indicate that acquired Th2 immune responses associated with the production of IgE antibodies, induced by Russell's viper venom or honeybee venom, or by a component of honeybee venom, bee venom phospholipase 2 (bvPLA2), can increase the resistance of mice to challenge with potentially lethal doses of either of the venoms or bvPLA2. These findings support the conclusion that, in contrast to the detrimental effects associated with allergic type 2 (Th2) immune responses, mast cells and IgE-dependent immune responses to venoms can contribute to innate and adaptive resistance to venom-induced pathology and mortality.

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityAnimalsHumansHypersensitivity, ImmediateImmunity, InnateImmunoglobulin EMast CellsReceptors, IgEVenomsImmunoglobulin EReceptors, IgEVenoms

Identifiers

PMID26210895
PMCPMC4593748
OpenAlexW957074317

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.