Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26209952›Full record

SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2016

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid®) for stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review of the literature.

Anushuya Devi Kasi, Vasilios Pergialiotis, Despina N Perrea, Azar Khunda, Stergios K Doumouchtsis

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. The Impact of Treatment Setting on Periurethral Bulking.International urogynecology journal · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Hydrogels in the clinic: An update.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Anushuya Devi KasiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Urogynaecology Unit, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW17 0QT, UK. dranushuya@gmail.com.
Vasilios PergialiotisLaboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. pergialiotis@hotmail.com.
Despina N PerreaLaboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. dperrea@lessr.eu.
Azar KhundaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Urogynaecology Unit, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW17 0QT, UK. azarkhunda@yahoo.co.uk.
Stergios K DoumouchtsisDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Urogynaecology Unit, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW17 0QT, UK. sdoum@yahoo.com.
St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBAthens State University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introduction and hypothesisPolyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG, Bulkamid®) is one of several injectable agents currently used for the treatment of women with urinary stress incontinence. Although bulking agents appear to have lower efficacy rates compared to other surgical treatments, current evidence based on large prospective or comparative studies as well as systematic reviews is limited. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy of PAHG in the treatment of female patients with stress urinary incontinence with regard to reproducibility, feasibility, safety and clinical outcome.

methodsWe searched MEDLINE (1966-2015), Scopus (2004-2015), POPLINE (1974-2015) and ClinicalTrials.gov (2008-2015) along with reference lists of electronically retrieved studies. Observational studies, prospective, retrospective and randomized controlled studies were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed the risk of bias and tabulated data to structured forms.

resultsWe included 8 studies, which enrolled a total of 767 patients who received treatment with PAHG. We found that 186 of 767 women (24.3 %, range 12-35 %) required reinjection in order to achieve adequate efficacy. The most frequent adverse effects were pain at the site of injection (4-14 %) and urinary tract infections (3-7 %). Both the number of incontinence episodes/24 h and the number of ml/24 h were significantly reduced 1 year following treatment and the quality of life of patients was significantly improved.

conclusionsPAHG is a safe intervention for treating women with stress urinary incontinence, but repeat injections are often required. Further research is mandated in the field in order to compare its efficacy to other bulking agents.

Indexed as

Acrylic ResinsFemaleHumansHydrogelsUrinary Incontinence, StressAcrylic ResinsBulkamidHydrogelsBulkamidPolyacrylamide hydrogelStress urinary incontinence

Identifiers

PMID26209952
OpenAlexW1447307234

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.