ArticlePloS one2015
Age and Gender Differences in Urinary Levels of Eleven Phthalate Metabolites in General Taiwanese Population after a DEHP Episode.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of a Web-Based Educational eHealth Platform on Women's Health Literacy About Phthalate Exposure: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Assessment of cat exposure to phthalates through phthalate metabolites analysis in the hair samples.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Risk assessment of phthalate ester exposure from various cheese types produced and consumed in Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Urinary bisphenol A and its substitutes exposure increased the risk of renal tubular injury (N-acetyl-Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Epigenetic signatures of phthalate exposure and potential risks: a DNA methylation analysis using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip.Environmental epigenetics · 2025Article
- Concentration levels of phthalate metabolites in wild boar hair samples.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Increased di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure poses a differential risk for adult asthma clusters.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Exposure characteristics and cumulative risk assessment of bisphenol A and its substitutes: the Taiwan environmental survey for toxicants 2013.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Association of diethylhexyl phthalate exposure with serum thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2024Review
- Interrelationships among growth hormone, thyroid function, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the susceptibility to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- Sex Differences between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Taiwan Biobank Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Are Phthalate Exposure Related to Oxidative Stress in Children and Adolescents with Asthma? A Cumulative Risk Assessment Approach.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Mediation effects of thyroid function in the associations between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism in adults.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Article
- Article
- Human risk assessment of di-isobutyl phthalate through the application of a developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of di-isobutyl phthalate and its major metabolite mono-isobutyl phthalate.Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Demographic Assessment of Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) and Monoethyl Phthalate (MEP) Concentrations in Common Bottlenose Dolphins (GeoHealth · 2021Article
- Association between Phthalate Exposure and Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Repeated Panel Data Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Endocrine Disruptors in Water and Their Effects on the Reproductive System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn 2011, the Taiwan FDA disclosed illegal di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate) (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) use in beverage and nutrition supplements. We aim to determine phthalate exposure and other relevant factors in a sample of the general Taiwanese population in order to evaluate actual phthalate exposure levels after this disclosure of DEHP use.
methodWe selected subjects aged 7 years old and older in 2013 from the general Taiwanese population. First morning urine samples from each participant were collected to analyze 11 phthalate metabolites representing 7 parent phthalates using on-line liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry. An interview questionnaire was applied to obtain participant demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and other relevant factors.
resultsThe median levels of metabolites of DEHP, including mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), DBP (DnBP and DiBP), including mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) in urine samples of 290 adults/ 97 minors (<18 years) were 7.9/ 6.1, 12.6/ 17.8, 22.0/ 25.8, 25.4/ 30.8, 18.1/ 23.6, 9.4/ 13.6 and 14.5/ 12.4 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Women (≧18 years) were exposed to significantly higher levels of MEHHP (P=0.011), MECPP (P=0.01), MnBP (P=0.001) and MEP (P<0.001) than men (≧18 years), whereas no gender difference was observed in minors. We found significant higher level of MEP (creatinine-unadjusted) in subject aged between 18 to 40 years old (P<0.001), especially for women. Exposure levels of MEOHP (P<0.001), MECPP (P=0.002) and MnBP (P=0.044) in minors were significantly higher than those of adults. High frequency usage of food preservation film and bags, and personal care products are potential sources of phthalates exposure in general Taiwanese.
conclusionOur findings indicated that DEHP and DBP exposure in a sample of the general Taiwanese population varied by age and gender, possibly affected by different lifestyles, and continuing bio-monitoring surveillance is warranted.
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