ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2015
Photographic measurement of head and cervical posture when viewing mobile phone: a pilot study.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04299672 (Effect of Postural Reconstruction on the Functionality of the Cervical Region), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Postural Reconstruction on the Functionality of the Cervical Region
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The associations of mobile touch screen device use with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures: A systematic review.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Smartphone Near-Viewing Demands Differ in Corrected Presbyopes: Implication for Presbyopic Correction.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- The cervicovertebral angle as an associated factor of neck pain in female manufacturing workers: a dual-model cutoff analysis using logistic regression and decision trees.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burdens of Neck Pain in Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 10-24 Years From 1990 to 2021: A Population-Based Study.Pain research & management · 2026Article
- Article
- Smart devices, head posture, and malocclusion: is there a relationship? A prospective controlled study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Article
- Posture Monitoring During Breastfeeding: Smart Underwear Integrated with an Accelerometer and Flexible Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Gender Differences in Head and Neck Posture Among Smartphone Users While Walking: Insights from Field Observations in Taipei.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Gender differences in neck muscle activity during near-maximum forward head flexion while using smartphones with varied postures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Quantifying the Importance of Active Muscle Repositioning a Finite Element Neck Model in Flexion Using Kinematic, Kinetic, and Tissue-Level Responses.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- The relationship between smartphone usage position, pain, smartphone addiction, and hand function.Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Defining text neck: a scoping review.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Article
- Upper crossed syndrome in secondary school students: A mixed-method study.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2023Article
- The Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms During Work From Home Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic.Safety and health at work · 2023Article
- Relationships between cervical sagittal posture, muscle endurance, joint position sense, range of motion and level of smartphone addiction.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Smartphone addiction and postural alterations in the cervical region in adolescents.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
- Text Neck Syndrome: Disentangling a New Epidemic.Acta medica academica · 2022Article
- Association between Sagittal Cervical Spinal Alignment and Degenerative Cervical Spondylosis: A Retrospective Study Using a New Scoring System.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWith the dramatic growth of mobile phone usage, concerns have been raised with regard to the adverse health effects of mobile phone on spinal posture. The aim of this study was to determine the head and cervical postures by photogrammetry when viewing the mobile phone screen, compared with those in neutral standing posture.
methodsA total of 186 subjects (81 females and 105 males) aged from 17 to 31 years old participated in this study. Subjects were instructed to stand neutrally and using mobile phone as in daily life. Using a photographic method, the sagittal head and cervical postures were assessed by head tilt angle, neck tilt angle, forward head shift and gaze angle.
resultsThe photographic method showed a high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in measuring the sagittal posture of cervical spine and gaze angle (ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.99). When looking at mobile phone, the head tilt angle significantly increased (from 74.55° to 95.22°, p = 0.000) and the neck angle decreased (from 54.68° to 38.77°, p = 0.000). The forward head posture was also confirmed by the significantly increased head shift (from 10.90 to 13.85 cm, p = 0.000). The posture assumed in mobile phone use was significantly correlated with neutral posture (p < 0.05). Males displayed a more forward head posture than females (p < 0.05). The head tilt angle was positively correlated with the gaze angle (r = 0.616, p = 0.000), while the neck tilt angle was negatively correlated with the gaze angle (r = -0.628, p = 0.000).
conclusionsPhotogrammetry is a reliable, quantitative method to evaluate the head and cervical posture during mobile phone use. Compared to neutral standing, subjects display a more forward head posture when viewing the mobile phone screen, which is correlated with neutral posture, gaze angle and gender. Future studies will be needed to investigate a dose-response relationship between mobile phone use and assumed posture.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.