ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2015
Social smoking among intermittent smokers.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- I am what I am: A meta-analysis of the association between substance user identities and substance use-related outcomes.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2021Pooled it
- Changes in biomarkers after 180 days of tobacco heating product use: a randomised trial.Internal and emergency medicine · 2021Trial
- Kidney Dysfunction, Biochemical Changes, DNA Alteration, and MAPKs Regulation Following Chronic Exposure to Regular and Occasional Hookah Smoke in Mice.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026Article
- Integrating variable centered and person centered approaches for personality and nicotine use.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Socializing with Smoker and Social Smoking Behavior among Chinese Male Smokers with Low Nicotine Dependence: The Mediating Roles of Belief of Smoking Rationalization and Smoker Identity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Racial/ethnic and gender differences in smoking in early middle adulthood.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Social Network Interventions for HIV Transmission Elimination.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Differential patterns of alcohol and nicotine intake: Combined alcohol and nicotine binge consumption behaviors in mice.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Identifying "social smoking" U.S. young adults using an empirically-driven approach.Addictive behaviors · 2017Article
- Developing an Internet- and Mobile-Based System to Measure Cigarette Use Among Pacific Islanders: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2016Article
- Tobacco cues in India: An ecological momentary assessment.Tobacco induced diseases · 2016Article
- Effects of Smoking Social Cues on Inhibitory Control in Smokers: An Event-Related Potential Study.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background"Social smoking" - smoking mostly or even only with others - may be an important pattern that implies smoking motivated extrinsically by social influences. Non-daily smokers (intermittent smokers; ITS) are often assumed to be social smokers, with some authors even assuming that all ITS are social smokers (SS+). We sought to identify and characterize social smokers in a sample of ITS.
methods204 adult ITS (smoking 4-27 days/month) recorded the circumstances of smoking in their natural settings using Ecological Momentary Assessment, while also recording their circumstances in nonsmoking moments. SS+ were defined as ITS who were with others when they smoked most of their cigarettes, and who were ≥50% more likely to be with others when smoking than when not.
resultsOnly 13% of ITS were SS+. Although defined solely on the basis of presence of others, SS+ showed a distinct pattern of smoking across multiple dimensions: compared to other ITS (who were significantly less likely to smoke when with others), SS+ smoking was more associated with socializing, being with friends and acquaintances, drinking alcohol, weekends, evening or nighttime, being in other people's homes, but not their own home. SS+ smoking was low in the morning and increased in the evening. SS+ smoked fewer days/week and were less dependent, but did not differ demographically.
conclusionsSocial smoking does constitute a highly distinct smoking pattern, but is not common among adult ITS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.