ArticleNature protocols2015
An orthotopic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma with underlying liver cirrhosis.
Article in Nature protocols, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Psychological Stress Promotes Tumor Growth in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Models Through Myeloid Signaling.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Construction and application of a genetically engineered mouse model of gastric adenocarcinoma.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026Article
- TG221: An Experimental Model for Liver Cancer Prevention and Treatment Approaches.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2026Review
- Stress accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma progression via a gut microbial-metabolite axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Inhibiting B cells enhances the efficacy of STING agonism or immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Glucose starvation mimetic aldometanib removes immune barriers permitting mice with hepatocellular carcinoma to live to normal ages.Cell research · 2025Article
- MicroRNA Landscape in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Metabolic Re-Wiring, Predictive and Diagnostic Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- A Study on the Efficacy and Pharmacological Mechanism of Liposome Complexes Containing STING Agonist and Anti-PD-L1 Nanobody in Inhibiting HCC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Navigating liver cancer with mouse models: a comprehensive overview of HCC experimental systems.Journal of liver cancer · 2025Article
- Novel molecular mechanisms of immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: NSUN2-mediated increase of SOAT2 RNA methylation.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Article
- A lung cancer mouse model system based on an inbred C3H strain: Ultrasound imaging, pathological analysis, and proteomic biomarker identification.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Precision models in hepatocellular carcinoma.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Molecular landscape of tumor-associated tissue-resident memory T cells in tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Combination CXCR4 and PD-1 Blockade Enhances Intratumoral Dendritic Cell Activation and Immune Responses Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- HDAC1-3 inhibition triggers NEDD4-mediated CCR2 downregulation and attenuates immunosuppression in myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Multimodal reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment by MMR and dual checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma models.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Intratumoural microorganism can affect the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Subcutaneous xenografts have been used for decades to study hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These models do not reproduce the specific pathophysiological features of HCCs, which occur in cirrhotic livers that show pronounced necroinflammation, abnormal angiogenesis and extensive fibrosis. As these features are crucial for studying the role of the pathologic host microenvironment in tumor initiation, progression and treatment response, alternative HCC models are desirable. Here we describe a syngeneic orthotopic HCC model in immunocompetent mice with liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) that recapitulates key features of human HCC. Induction of substantial hepatic fibrosis requires 12 weeks of CCl4 administration. Intrahepatic implantation of mouse HCC cell lines requires 30 min per mouse. Tumor growth varies by tumor cell line and mouse strain used. Alternatively, tumors can be induced in a genetically engineered mouse model. In this setting, CCl4 is administered for 12 weeks after tail-vein injection of Cre-expressing adenovirus (adeno-Cre) in Stk4(-/-)Stk3(F/-) (also known as Mst1(-/-)Mst2(F/-); F indicates a floxed allele) mice, and it results in the development of HCC tumors (hepatocarcinogenesis) concomitantly with liver cirrhosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.