ReviewTherapeutics and clinical risk management2015
Adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions with over-the-counter NSAIDs.
Review in Therapeutics and clinical risk management, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg dose and risk of adverse events (excluding haemorrhagic) resulting from drug-drug interactions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Identifying clinically relevant subgroups of patients with knee pain flares for ibuprofen treatment: a secondary analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Evaluation of Fixed-Dose Combinations of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in the Treatment of Postsurgical Dental Pain: A Pilot, Dose-Ranging, Randomized Study.Drugs in R&D · 2020Trial
- The evaluation of the effectiveness of intra-articular steroid, tenoxicam, and combined steroid-tenoxicam injections in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2019Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Loxoprofen Hydrogel Transdermal Patch Versus Loxoprofen Tablet in Chinese Patients with Myalgia: A Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Trial.Clinical drug investigation · 2019Trial
- Effects of nano-formulated tenoxicam on pancreatic alterations in dexamethasone-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Impact of population-specific pharmacogenomic variants on drug dosing in ICU patients.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Article
- A Descriptive Analysis of Potential Warfarin-NSAID Interactions in Dental Prescribing in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2011-2021.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- An Overview of Anticoagulant Drugs Pharmacology, Therapeutic Approaches, Limitations and Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Bilayer gelatin-methacryloyl scaffold for pulp inflammation suppression and dentin-like tissue regeneration.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Pain Management in Patient-Facing Pharmacy Settings in Jordan: Pharmacists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices.Pain research & management · 2026Article
- Corticosteroids or NSAIDs in Managing Acute Respiratory Infections: Valuable Differences.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Facing the Side Effects: Patient-Reported Adverse Outcomes of NSAIDs for Chronic Pain Management in North India.Journal of patient experience · 2026Article
- Silent Dangers in Elderly Pharmacotherapy: The Interplay of Polypharmacy, Multimorbidity, and Drug Interactions.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Review
- Antibiotic dispensing without a prescription across community pharmacies: A simulated patient study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- From Soil to Brain: Olive Oil Attributes, Consumer Choices, Intermittent Fasting, and Their Impact on Health.Nutrients · 2025Review
- A theoretical model for detecting drug interaction with awareness of timing of exposure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Vascular Dementia.Cells · 2025Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen have a long history of safe and effective use as both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics/antipyretics. The mechanism of action of all NSAIDs is through reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) including gastrointestinal bleeding as well as cardiovascular and renal effects have been reported with NSAID use. In many cases, ADRs may occur because of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between the NSAID and a concomitant medication. For example, DDIs have been reported when NSAIDs are coadministered with aspirin, alcohol, some antihypertensives, antidepressants, and other commonly used medications. Because of the pharmacologic nature of these interactions, there is a continuum of risk in that the potential for an ADR is dependent on total drug exposure. Therefore, consideration of dose and duration of NSAID use, as well as the type or class of comedication administered, is important when assessing potential risk for ADRs. Safety findings from clinical studies evaluating prescription-strength NSAIDs may not be directly applicable to OTC dosing. Health care providers can be instrumental in educating patients that using OTC NSAIDs at the lowest effective dose for the shortest required duration is vital to balancing efficacy and safety. This review discusses some of the most clinically relevant DDIs reported with NSAIDs based on major sites of ADRs and classes of medication, with a focus on OTC ibuprofen, for which the most data are available.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.