Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26203094›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2015

Daily Zinc but Not Multivitamin Supplementation Reduces Diarrhea and Upper Respiratory Infections in Tanzanian Infants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Christine M McDonald, Karim P Manji, Rodrick Kisenge, Said Aboud, Donna Spiegelman, Wafaie W Fawzi, Christopher P Duggan

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00421668 (A Trial of Zinc and Micronutrients in Tanzanian Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00421668 phase3completednot on this map

A Trial of Zinc and Micronutrients in Tanzanian Children

TypeinterventionalSponsorHarvard School of Public Health (HSPH)Ran2007 to 2012Enrolled2,400ConditionsDiarrheal Illnesses, Respiratory Illness, Growth FalteringArmsZinc, Multivitamins, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
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  18. Does early vitamin BBMJ open · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Christine M McDonaldDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA;
Karim P ManjiDepartments of Pediatrics and Child Health and.
Rodrick KisengeDepartments of Pediatrics and Child Health and.
Said AboudMicrobiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; and.
Donna SpiegelmanDepartments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics.
Wafaie W FawziDepartments of Epidemiology, Nutrition, and Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Christopher P DugganDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Nutrition, and Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA christopher.duggan@childrens.harvard.edu.
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences · TZBoston Children's Hospital · USHarvard University · US

Funding

ROLE OF DIETARY CONSTITUENTS ON GENE EXPRESSION IN INTESTINAL EPITHELIUMP30DK040561 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Alessio Fasano · 1994 to 2026
$31.6M
A Trial of Zinc and Micronutrients in Tanzanian ChildrenR01HD048969 · NICHD · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI DUGGAN, CHRISTOPHER P · 2006 to 2010
$2.0M
Patient-oriented Research in Pediatric Diarrheal DiseasesK24HD058795 · NICHD · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI DUGGAN, CHRISTOPHER P · 2010 to 2014
$956k
Patient-oriented Research in Pediatric Diarrheal DiseasesK24DK104676 · NIDDK · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI DUGGAN, CHRISTOPHER P · 2015 to 2019
$903k
NICHD NIH HHS K24HD058795NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD048969NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD048969-01NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK104676NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK040561
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough various micronutrient regimens have been shown to prevent and treat common infectious diseases in children, the effects of daily multivitamin (MV) and/or zinc supplementation have not been widely evaluated in young African infants.

objectiveThe objective was to determine whether daily supplementation of HIV-unexposed Tanzanian infants with MVs or zinc reduces the risk of infectious morbidity compared with placebo.

methodsIn a 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 2400 infants who were 6 wk of age and born to HIV-negative mothers in a low-malaria setting were randomly assigned to receive daily oral supplementation of MVs (vitamin B complex and vitamins C and E), zinc, zinc + MVs, or placebo for 18 mo. Morbidity was assessed by study nurses at monthly visits and by physicians every 3 mo and/or when the child was acutely ill.

resultsNo significant differences were found in the percentage of nurse visits during which diarrhea, cough, or any other symptom were reported throughout the previous month when receiving either zinc or MVs. However, physician diagnoses of all types of diarrhea (RR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.96; P = 0.003), dysentery (RR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.95; P = 0.006), and acute upper respiratory infection (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97; P = 0.0005) were significantly lower for infants supplemented with zinc than for those who did not receive zinc. Among the 2360 infants for whom vital status was obtained, there was a nonsignificant increase in all-cause mortality among infants who received zinc (HR = 1.80; 95% CI: 0.98, 3.31; P = 0.06) compared with those who did not receive zinc. MVs did not alter the rates of any recorded physician diagnoses or mortality. Neither zinc nor MVs reduced hospitalizations or unscheduled outpatient visits.

conclusionsDaily zinc supplementation of Tanzanian infants beginning at the age of 6 wk may lower the burden of diarrhea and acute upper respiratory infections, but provision of MVs using the regimen in this trial did not confer additional benefit. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00421668.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsAdultDiarrheaDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansInfantMaleMicronutrientsMorbidityRespiratory Tract InfectionsRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsTanzaniaTreatment OutcomeZincMicronutrientsZincchild morbiditydiarrheamultivitaminsrespiratory infectionzinc

Identifiers

PMID26203094
PMCPMC4548161
OpenAlexW2138970638

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.