ArticlePsychopharmacology2015
Cross-tolerance to cannabinoids in morphine-tolerant rhesus monkeys.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- An opioid-withholding human laboratory paradigm during opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder and chronic pain: Phase- and dose-dependent effects of cannabidiol.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- An orally bioavailable MrgprX1-positive allosteric modulator alleviates certain neuropathic pain-related behaviors in humanized mice.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of ΔThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Considerations for Anesthesia in Older Adults with Cannabis Use.Drugs & aging · 2024Review
- Evidence for the Induction of Analgesic Cross-Tolerance Between Opioid and Apelin/APJ Systems in Male Rats.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2024Article
- Preoperative Cannabis Use Did Not Increase Opioid Utilization After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Propensity Score-Matched Model.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of cannabinoid tolerance.Biochemical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Cannabinoid Modulation of Dopamine Release During Motivation, Periodic Reinforcement, Exploratory Behavior, Habit Formation, and Attention.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2021Review
- Chronic cannabinoid exposure produces tolerance to the dopamine releasing effects of WIN 55,212-2 and heroin in adult male rats.Neuropharmacology · 2021Article
- OREX-1019: A Novel Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder and Relapse Prevention.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2020Article
- Positive Allosteric Modulation of CBFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Ventilatory-depressant effects of opioids alone and in combination with cannabinoids in rhesus monkeys.European journal of pharmacology · 2018Article
- Article
- Preclinical studies on the reinforcing effects of cannabinoids. A tribute to the scientific research of Dr. Steve Goldberg.Psychopharmacology · 2016Review
- Combined Treatment with Morphine and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rhesus Monkeys: Antinociceptive Tolerance and Withdrawal.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleOpioids remain the drugs of choice for treating moderate to severe pain, although adverse effects limit their use. Therapeutic utility might be improved by combining opioids with other drugs to enhance analgesic effects, but only if adverse effects are not similarly changed.
objectiveCannabinoids have been shown to enhance the antinociceptive potency of opioids without increasing other effects; this study examined whether the effectiveness of cannabinoids is altered in morphine-dependent monkeys.
methodsFour monkeys received up to 10 mg/kg morphine twice daily. Changes in the antinociceptive effects of opioid receptor agonists (morphine, U50,488) and cannabinoid receptor agonists (WIN 55,212, CP 55,940, and Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) were determined by measuring the latency for monkeys to remove their tails from 40, 50, 54, and 58 °C water.
resultsBefore treatment, all drugs increased tail withdrawal latency from warm (54 °C) water. Chronic morphine treatment decreased the potency of each drug; the magnitude of rightward shift in dose-effect curves was greatest for morphine, WIN 55,212 and CP 55,940 with at least sixfold shifts for each drug during treatment. Discontinuation of morphine treatment resulted in signs that are indicative of withdrawal, including increased heart rate, decreased daytime activity, and tongue movement.
conclusionTolerance developed to the antinociceptive effects of morphine and cross-tolerance developed to cannabinoids under conditions that produced modest physical dependence. Compared with the doses examined in this study, much smaller doses of opioids have antinociceptive effects when given with cannabinoids; it is possible that tolerance will not develop to chronic treatment with opioid/cannabinoid mixtures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.