ArticleThe Journal of school health2015
Socioeconomic Differences in the Association Between Competitive Food Laws and the School Food Environment.
Article in The Journal of school health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Towards a comprehensive school food environment audit tool in Canada: a systematic review of school food environment measurements and nutrition determinants.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of primary school nutrition policy on the school food environment: a systematic review.Health promotion international · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of existing observational tools to measure the food and physical activity environment in schools.Health & place · 2020Pooled it
- Public School Teachers' Nutrition Knowledge and Perceptions of the School Food Environment in Kazakhstan.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Household Food Insecurity Is Associated with Parental Perceptions of and Student Participation in School Meals.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Indices/Indicators Developed to Evaluate the "Creating Supportive Environments" Mechanism of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion: A Setting-Based Review on Healthy Environment Indices/ Indicators.Korean journal of family medicine · 2023Article
- Stronger State School Nutrition Laws Are Associated With Healthier Eating Behaviors and Optimal Weight Status in US Adolescents.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2020Observational
- Meal Quality of Entrées That Can Be Sold as Competitive Foods in Schools and Potential Impact of the Proposed USDA Rollbacks.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Examining school-level implementation of British Columbia, Canada's school food and beverage sales policy: a realist evaluation.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Are laws restricting soft drinks sales in Brazilian schools able to lower their availability?Revista de saude publica · 2020Article
- Community characteristics modify the relationship between obesity prevention efforts and dietary intake in children: the Healthy Communities Study.Pediatric obesity · 2018Observational
- Bias with respect to socioeconomic status: A closer look at zip code matching in a pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness study.SSM - population health · 2016Article
- Cross-sector analysis of socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and urban/rural disparities in food policy enactment in the United States.Health & place · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSchools of low socioeconomic status (SES) tend to sell fewer healthy competitive foods/beverages. This study examined whether state competitive food laws may reduce such disparities.
methodsSchool administrators for fifth- and eighth grade reported foods and beverages sold in school. Index measures of the food/beverage environments were constructed from these data. Schools were classified into SES tertiles based on median household income of students' postal zip code. Regression models were used to estimate SES differences in (1) Healthy School Food Environment Index (HSFEI) score, Healthy School Beverage Environment Index (HSBEI) score, and specific food/beverage sales, and (2) associations between state competitive food/beverage laws and HSFEI score, HSBEI score, and specific food/beverage sales.
resultsStrong competitive food laws were positively associated with HSFEI in eighth grade, regardless of SES. Strong competitive beverage laws were positively associated with HSBEI particularly in low-SES schools in eighth grade. These associations were attributable to schools selling fewer unhealthy items, not providing healthy alternatives. High-SES schools sold more healthy items than low-SES schools regardless of state laws.
conclusionsStrong competitive food laws may reduce access to unhealthy foods/beverages in middle schools, but additional initiatives are needed to provide students with healthy options, particularly in low-SES areas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.