Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26201385›Full record

ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2015

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Gestational Diabetes Prevalence and Contribution of Common Risk Factors.

Jia Pu, Beinan Zhao, Elsie J Wang, Vani Nimbal, Sarah Osmundson, Liza Kunz, Rita A Popat, Sukyung Chung, Latha P Palaniappan

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in Norway.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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  9. Effects of maternal anthropometrics on pregnancy outcomes in South Asian women: a systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2018
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28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jia PuResearch Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA.
Beinan ZhaoResearch Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA.
Elsie J WangSchool of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Vani NimbalResearch Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA.
Sarah OsmundsonLucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Liza KunzResearch Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA.
Rita A PopatDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Sukyung ChungResearch Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA.
Latha P PalaniappanSchool of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Palo Alto Institute · USStanford University · US

Funding

Strength Training Regimen fOr Normal weiGht Diabetics (STRONG-D)R01DK081371 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHURCH, TIMOTHY STEPHEN, PALANIAPPAN, LATHA P · 2009 to 2018
$6.0M
META - Mentor, Educate, Train, Advocate: Patient Oriented Researchers in Cardiometabolic DiseaseK24HL150476 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Latha P Palaniappan · 2020 to 2026
$846k
Measuring and Compensating Primary Care Physician EffortK01HS019815 · AHRQ · PALO ALTO MEDICAL FOUNDATION RES INST · PI CHUNG, SUKYUNG · 2012 to 2016
$804k
AHRQ HHS K01 HS019815NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL150476NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK081371
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe White House, the American Heart Association, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute have all recently acknowledged the need to disaggregate Asian American subgroups to better understand this heterogeneous racial group. This study aims to assess racial/ethnic differences in relative contribution of risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Asian subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese), Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites.

methodsPregnant women in 2007-2012 were identified through California state birth certificate records and linked to the electronic health records in a large mixed-payer ambulatory care organisation in Northern California (n = 24 195). Relative risk and population attributable fraction (PAF) for specific racial/ethnic groups were calculated to assess the contributions of advanced maternal age, overweight/obesity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standards and World Health Organization (WHO)/American Diabetes Association (ADA) body mass index cut-offs for Asians), family history of type 2 diabetes, and foreign-born status.

resultsGDM was most prevalent among Asian Indians (19.3%). Relative risks were similar across all race/ethnic groups. Advanced maternal age had higher PAFs in non-Hispanic whites (22.5%) and Hispanics (22.7%). Meanwhile family history (Asian Indians 22.6%, Chinese 22.9%) and foreign-borne status (Chinese 40.2%, Filipinos 30.2%) had higher PAFs in Asian subgroups. Overweight/obesity was the most important GDM risk factor for non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, Asian Indians, and Filipinos when the WHO/ADA cut-off points were applied. Advanced maternal age was the only risk factor studied that was modified by race/ethnicity, with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women being more adversely affected than other racial/ethnic groups.

conclusionsOverweight/obesity, advanced maternal age, family history of type 2 diabetes, and foreign-borne status are important risk factors for GDM. The relative contributions of these risk factors differ by race/ethnicity, mainly due to differences in population prevalence of these risk factors.

Indexed as

AsianBlack or African AmericanHispanic or LatinoWhite PeopleAdultCaliforniaDiabetes, GestationalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2EthnicityFemaleHumansObesityPregnancyPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID26201385
PMCPMC6519933
OpenAlexW1608797329

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.