ArticlePloS one2015
Mid-Season Estimates of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Influenza A(H3N2) Hospitalization in the Elderly in Quebec, Canada, January 2015.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- High Clinical Burden of Influenza Disease in Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years: Can We Do Better? A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Pooled it
- The Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Methodology.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Pooled it
- Influenza vaccine effectiveness among high-risk groups: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Pooled it
- Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing severe influenza illness among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies.The Journal of infection · 2017Pooled it
- Viral vector-based influenza vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- The Changing Landscape of Respiratory Viruses Contributing to Hospitalizations in Quebec, Canada: Results From an Active Hospital-Based Surveillance Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- The Effect of Monovalent Influenza Vaccine on the Risk of Hospitalization and All-Cause Mortality According to the Results of Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Review
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination of Health Workers.Vaccines · 2021Review
- The effect of sex on responses to influenza vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Stable incorporation of GM-CSF into dissolvable microneedle patch improves skin vaccination against influenza.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2018Article
- Comparison of a novel microcrystalline tyrosine adjuvant with aluminium hydroxide for enhancing vaccination against seasonal influenza.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Evaluation of the ability of standardized supports to improve public health response to syndromic surveillance for respiratory diseases in Canada.BMC public health · 2017Article
- Observational studies and the difficult quest for causality: lessons from vaccine effectiveness and impact studies.International journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- Article
- A Perfect Storm: Impact of Genomic Variation and Serial Vaccination on Low Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness During the 2014-2015 Season.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Article
- Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness: Mysteries, Enigmas, and a Few Clues.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- [Modulation of transcriptomic signature of the infected host: a new therapeutic strategy for the management of severe viral infections? Example of the flu].Reanimation : journal de la Societe de reanimation de langue francaise · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe 2014/15 influenza season in Canada was characterized by an early epidemic due to vaccine-mismatched influenza A(H3N2) viruses, disproportionately affecting elderly individuals ≥65-years-old. We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) against A(H3N2) hospitalization among elderly individuals during the peak weeks of the 2014/15 epidemic in Quebec, Canada.
methodsNasal specimens and clinical/epidemiological data were collected within 7 days of illness onset from elderly patients admitted with respiratory symptoms to one of four participating hospitals between November 30, 2014 and January 13, 2015. Cases tested RT-PCR positive for influenza A(H3N2) and controls tested negative for any influenza. VE was assessed by test-negative case-control design.
resultsThere were 314 participants including 186 cases (62% vaccinated) and 128 controls (59% vaccinated) included in primary VE analysis. Median age was 81.5 years, two-thirds were admitted from the community and 91% had underlying comorbidity. Crude VE against A(H3N2) hospitalization was -17% (95%CI: -86% to 26%), decreasing to -23% (95%CI: -99 to 23%) with adjustment for age and comorbidity, and to -39% (95%CI: -142 to 20%) with additional adjustment for specimen collection interval, calendar time, type of residence and hospital. In sensitivity analyses, VE estimates were improved toward the null with restriction to participants admitted from the community (-2%; 95%CI: -105 to 49%) or with specimen collection ≤4 days since illness onset (- 8%; 95%CI: -104 to 43%) but further from the null with restriction to participants with comorbidity (-51%; 95%CI: -169 to 15%).
conclusionThe 2014/15 mismatched influenza vaccine provided elderly patients with no cross-protection against hospitalization with the A(H3N2) epidemic strain, reinforcing the need for adjunct protective measures among high-risk individuals and improved vaccine options.
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