ArticleMedicine2015
Cardiovascular Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Nationwide Study in Spain From the RELESSER Registry.
Article in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of tobacco smoking on cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Upadacitinib enhances platelet procoagulant responses in a subset of healthy individuals and patients with SLE: a pilot study.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Atherosclerosis features in rheumatic diseases - focus on peripheral artery disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The LUNET Project: Developing the Italian Systemic Erythematous Lupus Network.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Macrophages Unmasked: Their Pivotal Role in Driving Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Blood Growth Factor Levels in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: High Neuregulin-1 Is Associated with Comorbid Cardiovascular Pathology.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Deciphering Mechanisms, Prevention Strategies, Management Plans, Medications, and Research Techniques for Strokes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Left ventricular systolic function assessed by standard and advanced echocardiographic techniques in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systemic review and meta-analysis.Archives of rheumatology · 2024Review
- Incidence and medical costs of lupus in Spanish hospitals: a retrospective database analysis.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2024Article
- Long-term follow-up of Iranian male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary hypertension: A comprehensive review.Pulmonary circulation · 2023Review
- Article
- Antibodies against Phosphorylcholine-Implications for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Renin-Angiotensin System-Modifying Antihypertensive Drugs Can Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Lupus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The American journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiovascular disease.Journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
- Cardiac Safety of mRNA-Based Vaccines in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus-like Disorders with a History of Myocarditis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Role of Distinct Macrophage Populations in the Development of Heart Failure in Macrophage Activation Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Antimalarials exert a cardioprotective effect in lupus patients: Insights from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Register (RELESSER) analysis of factors associated with heart failure.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 18 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article estimates the frequency of cardiovascular (CV) events that occurred after diagnosis in a large Spanish cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and investigates the main risk factors for atherosclerosis. RELESSER is a nationwide multicenter, hospital-based registry of SLE patients. This is a cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical variables, the presence of traditional risk factors, and CV events were collected. A CV event was defined as a myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, and/or peripheral artery disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the possible risk factors for atherosclerosis. From 2011 to 2012, 3658 SLE patients were enrolled. Of these, 374 (10.9%) patients suffered at least a CV event. In 269 (7.4%) patients, the CV events occurred after SLE diagnosis (86.2% women, median [interquartile range] age 54.9 years [43.2-66.1], and SLE duration of 212.0 months [120.8-289.0]). Strokes (5.7%) were the most frequent CV event, followed by ischemic heart disease (3.8%) and peripheral artery disease (2.2%). Multivariate analysis identified age (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.03 [1.02-1.04]), hypertension (1.71 [1.20-2.44]), smoking (1.48 [1.06-2.07]), diabetes (2.2 [1.32-3.74]), dyslipidemia (2.18 [1.54-3.09]), neurolupus (2.42 [1.56-3.75]), valvulopathy (2.44 [1.34-4.26]), serositis (1.54 [1.09-2.18]), antiphospholipid antibodies (1.57 [1.13-2.17]), low complement (1.81 [1.12-2.93]), and azathioprine (1.47 [1.04-2.07]) as risk factors for CV events. We have confirmed that SLE patients suffer a high prevalence of premature CV disease. Both traditional and nontraditional risk factors contribute to this higher prevalence. Although it needs to be verified with future studies, our study also shows-for the first time-an association between diabetes and CV events in SLE patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.