ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2015
Using Lopinavir Concentrations in Hair Samples to Assess Treatment Outcomes on Second-Line Regimens Among Asian Children.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
URBAN ARCH (3/5) Uganda Cohort TB Preventive Therapy for HIV-infected Alcohol Users in Uganda: an Evaluation of Safety Tolerability and Adherence
Urine Tenofovir Point-of-care Test to Identify Patients in Need of ART Adherence Support (UTRA Study)
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of darunavir and lopinavir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Discrepancies between self-reported medication in adherence and indirect measurement adherence among patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Concentration in Hair as a Measure for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review of Global Literature.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Defining a Cutoff for Atazanavir in Hair Samples Associated With Virological Failure Among Adolescents Failing Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Feasibility, acceptability and validity of electronic adherence monitoring among adolescents in Zimbabwe: a mixed methods study.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Incidence and predictors of virological failure among HIV infected children and adolescents receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda, a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Obesity Modifies the Relationship Between Raltegravir and Dolutegravir Hair Concentrations and Body Weight Gain in Women Living with HIV.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Relationship Dynamics are Associated with Self-Reported Adherence but not an Objective Adherence Measure in Malawi.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Hair Zidovudine Concentrations Predict Virologic Outcomes Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in China.Patient preference and adherence · 2022Article
- Article
- Tenofovir and emtricitabine concentrations in hair are comparable between individuals on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus tenofovir alafenamide-based ART.Drug testing and analysis · 2021Article
- Association of Hair Concentrations of Antiretrovirals with Virologic Outcomes Among People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China.Patient preference and adherence · 2021Article
- Social Support Mitigates Negative Impact of Food Insecurity on Antiretroviral Adherence Among Postpartum Women in Western Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Approaches to Objectively Measure Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and Drive Adherence Interventions.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Determinants of Viral Resuppression or Persistent Virologic Failure After Initial Failure With Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Among Asian Children and Adolescents With HIV.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2020Article
- Simultaneous analysis of 11 medications for drug resistant TB in small hair samples to quantify adherence and exposure using a validated LC-MS/MS panel.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2019Article
- Tenofovir concentrations in hair strongly predict virologic suppression in breastfeeding women.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Willingness to Donate Hair Samples for Research Among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending a Tertiary Health Facility in Ibadan, Nigeria.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2019Article
- Measuring Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy via Hair Concentrations in India.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Assessing methods of measuring medication adherence in chronically ill children-a narrative review.Patient preference and adherence · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We conducted a prospective monitoring study to determine whether antiretroviral (ARV) levels in hair of Asian children on second-line protease inhibitor-based ARV therapy (ART) are associated with virologic failure (VF), compared to plasma drug levels and self-reported adherence. HIV-infected Asian children on second-line ART regimens were enrolled into a longitudinal cohort. Traditional adherence measures, plasma, and hair samples were collected 24 weeks after study enrollment. Hair ARV levels were determined via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Among 149 children on lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimens, 47% were female; the median [interquartile range (IQR)] age was 10.3 (7.9-13.3) years. The median CD4% was 26% (IQR 21.7-32.1%) and the median CD4 cell count 754 (IQR 596-1,013) cells/mm(3). The median duration of lopinavir-based ART prior to week 24 of the study was 2.9 (IQR 1.6-4.2) years. Adherence was >95% in 91% (135/148) by visual analogue scale and 89% (129/145) by pill count. The median lopinavir hair concentrations were 5.43 (IQR 3.21-9.01) ng/mg in children with HIV RNA >1,000 copies/ml and 9.96 (IQR 6.51-12.31) ng/mg in children with HIV RNA <1,000 copies/ml (p = 0.003). Plasma trough and lopinavir hair concentrations were not statistically significantly correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.20; p = 0.13). Increasing lopinavir hair concentrations in quartiles were strongly associated with virologic success (odds ratios ≥4.0, overall p = 0.02), while self-reported adherence, pill count, and plasma lopinavir levels were not. Based on this first report of hair ARV concentrations and virologic outcomes in children, ARV hair concentrations, representing longer-term adherence, may be useful to identify children at risk for VF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.