ArticleNature2015
Crystal structure of rhodopsin bound to arrestin by femtosecond X-ray laser.
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Article in Nature, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 430 papers.
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430citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
430 citing papers in PubMed, 818 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atomic, structural and molecular insights into GPCR ligand binding and signalling.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Configurational diversity of metabotropic glutamate receptor complexes with beta-arrestins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Structural basis of active state coupling of metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 to beta-arrestins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Structural basis of β-arrestin coupling and transducer selectivity in PAC1R.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Arrestins as programmable integrators of GPCR signaling: structural microstates, spatiotemporal logic, and therapeutic control.Cell discovery · 2026Review
- Direct β-arrestin engagement by the non-canonical WNT receptor FZD6 via a shallow binding pocket.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- The Origins of GPCRs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Structural dynamics of kappa opioid receptor interactions with β-arrestin 1.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Intrinsic conformational equilibria position arrestin-2 for activation.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Subtype-dependent arrestin engagement of the metabotropic glutamate receptors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A structural overview of G-protein-coupled receptors in neurological disorders.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Structural basis of PTH1R-β-arrestin core engagement reveals design principles for G-protein-biased therapeutics.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Core conformation of arrestin coupling to parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cooperative Control of Arrestin Activation By Membrane Lipids And Phosphorylation Barcodes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Unraveling allosteric signaling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by single-molecule fluorescence.Biophysical reviews · 2026Review
- Investigator-blind discovery of structural elements controlling GPCR function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Location-biased β-arrestin conformations direct GPCR signaling.Science signaling · 2026Article
- De novo design of GPCR exoframe modulators.Nature · 2026Article
- Structural analysis of rhodopsin states in megabody complexes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Deceptive beauty of non-natural structures.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Review
370 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
72 authors at 20 institutions in 7 countries.
Yanyong KangLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
X Edward ZhouLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Xiang GaoLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Yuanzheng HeLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Wei LiuDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
Andrii IshchenkoDepartment of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
Anton BartyCenter for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Thomas A WhiteCenter for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Oleksandr YefanovCenter for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Gye Won HanDepartment of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
Qingping XuJoint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
Parker W de WaalLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Jiyuan KeLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
M H Eileen Tan1] Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA [2] Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Chenghai ZhangLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Arne MoellerThe National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, USA.
Graham M WestDepartment of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.
Bruce D PascalDepartment of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.
Ned Van EpsJules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Lydia N CaroDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
Sergey A VishnivetskiyDepartment of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
Regina J LeeDepartment of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
Kelly M Suino-PowellLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Xin GuLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Kuntal PalLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Jinming MaLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Xiaoyong ZhiLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
Sébastien BoutetLinac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
Garth J WilliamsLinac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
Marc Messerschmidt1] Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] BioXFEL, NSF Science and Technology Center, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
Cornelius GatiCenter for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Nadia A Zatsepin1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Dingjie Wang1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Daniel James1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Shibom Basu1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Shatabdi Roy-Chowdhury1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Chelsie E ConradDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
Jesse CoeDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
Haiguang Liu1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing 10084, China.
Stella LisovaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
Christopher Kupitz1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA.
Ingo GrotjohannDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
Raimund FrommeDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
Yi JiangState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
Minjia TanState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
Huaiyu YangState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
Jun LiDepartment of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Meitian WangSwiss Light Source at Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
Zhong ZhengDepartment of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
Dianfan LiSchool of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Nicole HoweSchool of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Yingming Zhao1] BioXFEL, NSF Science and Technology Center, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA [2] Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Jörg StandfussLaboratory of Biomolecular Research at Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
Kay DiederichsDepartment of Biology, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
Yuhui DongBeijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Clinton S PotterThe National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, USA.
Bridget CarragherThe National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, USA.
Martin CaffreySchool of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Hualiang JiangState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
Henry N Chapman1] Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
John C H Spence1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Petra FrommeDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
Uwe Weierstall1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Oliver P Ernst1] Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
Vsevolod KatritchDepartment of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
Vsevolod V GurevichDepartment of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
Patrick R GriffinDepartment of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.
Wayne L HubbellJules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Raymond C Stevens1] Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA [3] iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 2F Building 6, 99 Haike Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China.
Vadim CherezovDepartment of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
Karsten MelcherLaboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
H Eric Xu1] Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA [2] VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
Arizona State University · USVan Andel Institute · USUniversity of Southern California · USChinese Academy of Sciences · CNNew York Structural Biology Center · USScripps Research Institute · USShanghai Institute of Materia Medica · CNSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · USTrinity College Dublin · IEVanderbilt University · USCenter for Free-Electron Laser Science · DEDoheny Eye Institute · USPaul Scherrer Institute · CHUniversität Hamburg · DEUniversity of Toronto · CABioXFEL Science and Technology Center · USDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY · DELinac Coherent Light Source · USNational University of Singapore · SGUniversity of Konstanz · DE
Funding
Structure Determination Core at SSRLU54GM094586 · NIGMS · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI GODZIK, ADAM · 2010 to 2014
$40.1MZWITTERION SURFACTANT DDMAB FOR IMPROV STABIL OF PROTEINP41RR001209 · NCRR · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GONZALEZ, ANA M · 1985 to 2011
$38.9MX-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) pp.711-759P41GM103393 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HODGSON, KEITH O · 2012 to 2019
$30.6MJCSG Center:Innovative Membrane Protein Technology (RMI)P50GM073197 · NIGMS · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI STEVENS, RAYMOND C · 2004 to 2013
$26.8MYeast ExpressionP50GM073210 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STROUD, ROBERT M · 2004 to 2013
$21.5MProject 3U54GM094618 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI STEVENS, RAYMOND C · 2010 to 2014
$17.1MVision Research Core at UCLAP30EY000331 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Gregory Darin Field, DAVID S WILLIAMS · 1985 to 2026
$16.8MTRD #3: An automated and streamlined pipeline for in-situ molecular microscopyP41GM103310 · NIGMS · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI DE MARCO, ALEX, KIEFT, JEFFREY S · 2012 to 2021
$14.7MSTRUCTURE/FUNCTION STUDIES OF VISUAL ARRESTINR01EY011500 · NEI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI T M Iverson · 1997 to 2026
$12.3MMOLECULAR BASIS OF MEMBRANE EXCITATIONR01EY005216 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HUBBELL, WAYNE L · 1985 to 2019
$9.8MCenter for the Rational Design of Membrane Protein CrystallographyU54GM094599 · NIGMS · ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS · PI FROMME, PETRA · 2010 to 2014
$6.8MStructural Genomics of Orphan Nuclear ReceptorsR01DK071662 · NIDDK · VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI XU, H ERIC · 2005 to 2017
$5.1MNCRR NIH HHS P41RR001209NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR027270NEI NIH HHS EY005216NEI NIH HHS EY011500NEI NIH HHS P30 EY000331NEI NIH HHS P30EY000331NEI NIH HHS R01 EY005216NEI NIH HHS R01 EY011500NIDDK NIH HHS DK071662NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK066202NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK071662NIGMS NIH HHS GM073197NIGMS NIH HHS GM077561NIGMS NIH HHS GM095583NIGMS NIH HHS GM097463NIGMS NIH HHS GM102545NIGMS NIH HHS GM103310NIGMS NIH HHS GM104212NIGMS NIH HHS GM108635NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM103310NIGMS NIH HHS P41GM103393NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM073197NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM073210NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM077561NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM087413NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM095583NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM097463NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM102545NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM104212NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM108635NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM109955NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM094586NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM094599NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM094618
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal primarily through G proteins or arrestins. Arrestin binding to GPCRs blocks G protein interaction and redirects signalling to numerous G-protein-independent pathways. Here we report the crystal structure of a constitutively active form of human rhodopsin bound to a pre-activated form of the mouse visual arrestin, determined by serial femtosecond X-ray laser crystallography. Together with extensive biochemical and mutagenesis data, the structure reveals an overall architecture of the rhodopsin-arrestin assembly in which rhodopsin uses distinct structural elements, including transmembrane helix 7 and helix 8, to recruit arrestin. Correspondingly, arrestin adopts the pre-activated conformation, with a ∼20° rotation between the amino and carboxy domains, which opens up a cleft in arrestin to accommodate a short helix formed by the second intracellular loop of rhodopsin. This structure provides a basis for understanding GPCR-mediated arrestin-biased signalling and demonstrates the power of X-ray lasers for advancing the frontiers of structural biology.
Indexed as
AnimalsArrestinBinding SitesCrystallography, X-RayDisulfidesHumansLasersMiceModels, MolecularMultiprotein ComplexesProtein BindingReproducibility of ResultsRhodopsinSignal TransductionX-RaysArrestinDisulfidesMultiprotein ComplexesRhodopsin
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