ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2015
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Partially Mediates Phthalate Association With Male and Female Anogenital Distance.
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In one paragraph
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phthalate Exposures and Placental Health in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human and animal evidence of prenatal diethylhexyl phthalate exposure and changes in male anogenital distance.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · 2018Pooled it
- An assessment of measurement error when using maternal urinary phthalates as proxies for placental tissue levels in the estimation of the association of prenatal phthalates and infant anogenital distance.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols and phthalates with the fetoplacental ratio in the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study (NYU CHES).Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2026Article
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and anogenital distance in infants at 12 months.Environment international · 2025Article
- Association of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure with Reproductive Hormones in the General Population and the Susceptible Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Review
- Molecular pathways in placental-fetal development and disruption.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2024Review
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and sex steroid hormones in newborns: Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between anogenital distance as a noninvasive index in the diagnosis and prognosis of reproductive disorder: A systematic review.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2023Review
- Sex at the interface: the origin and impact of sex differences in the developing human placenta.Biology of sex differences · 2022Review
- Application of 4-way decomposition to the analysis of placental-fetal biomarkers as intermediary variables between maternal body mass index and birthweight.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Article
- Association of maternal exposure to bisphenol A with her β-hCG level and neonatal anthropometric measures.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- First trimester mechanisms of gestational sac placental and foetal teratogenicity: a framework for birth cohort studies.Human reproduction update · 2021Review
- Praegnatio Perturbatio-Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals.Endocrine reviews · 2021Review
- A pathway level analysis of PFAS exposure and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Review
- Shape Detection using Semi-parametric Shape-Restricted Mixed Effects Regression Spline with Applications.Sankhya. Series B (2008) · 2021Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A toolkit for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in epidemiologic studies of the fetal origins of chronic disease.Current epidemiology reports · 2021Article
- Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Reproductive Health in Boys and Men.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Sex-specific difference in placental inflammatory transcriptional biomarkers of maternal phthalate exposure: a prospective cohort study.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Jennifer J AdibiDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Myoung Keun LeeDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Ashley I NaimiDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Emily BarrettDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Ruby H NguyenDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Sheela SathyanarayanaDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Yaqi ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Mari-Paule ThietDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
J Bruce RedmonDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Shanna H SwanDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (J.J.A., Y.Z.), and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.J.A.), University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.I.N.), McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.B.), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14604; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (R.H.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.-P.T.), University of California, San Francisco, Francisco, California 94143; Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S.H.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
University of Minnesota · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USMcGill University · CAUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · USUniversity of Rochester · USUniversity of Washington · US
Funding
TIDES III: Endocrine Disruption, Hormones, and Sex Differences in Adolescent Airway HealthR01ES025169 · NIEHS · SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI Sheela Sathyanarayana · 2015 to 2026
$9.5MThe Infant Development and the Environmental Study (TIDES)R01ES016863 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI SWAN, SHANNA H · 2009 to 2014
$4.0MEffects of Phthalates on Trophoblast Differentiation: From Biology to BiomarkersR00ES017780 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ADIBI, JENNIFER JOAN · 2012 to 2014
$708kEffects of Phthalates on Trophoblast Differentiation: From Biology to BiomarkersK99ES017780 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ADIBI, JENNIFER JOAN · 2010 to 2011
$180kNIEHS NIH HHS 5K99ES017780-02NIEHS NIH HHS K99 ES017780NIEHS NIH HHS R00 ES017780NIEHS NIH HHS R00ES017780-06NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES016863NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES016863-02S4NIEHS NIH HHS R01ES016863-04NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES025169
Abstract
contextPrenatal exposure to phthalates disrupts male sex development in rodents. In humans, the placental glycoprotein hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is required for male development, and may be a target of phthalate exposure.
objectiveThis study aimed to test the hypothesis that phthalates disrupt placental hCG differentially in males and females with consequences for sexually dimorphic genital development.
designThe Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES) is a prospective birth cohort. Pregnant women were enrolled from 2010-2012 at four university hospitals.
participantsParticipants were TIDES subjects (n = 541) for whom genital and phthalate measurements were available and who underwent prenatal serum screening in the first or second trimester.
main outcome measuresOutcomes included hCG levels in maternal serum in the first and second trimesters and anogenital distance (AGD), which is the distance from the anus to the genitals in male and female neonates.
resultsHigher first-trimester urinary mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP; P = .01), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP; P = .03), and mono-carboxy-isooctyl phthalate (P < .01) were associated with higher first-trimester hCG in women carrying female fetuses, and lower hCG in women carrying males. First-trimester hCG was positively correlated with the AGD z score in female neonates, and inversely correlated in males (P = 0.01). We measured significant associations of MnBP (P < .01), MBzP (P = .02), and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP; P < .01) with AGD, after adjusting for sex differences. Approximately 52% (MnBP) and 25% (MEHP) of this association in males, and 78% in females (MBzP), could be attributed to the phthalate association with hCG.
conclusionsFirst-trimester hCG levels, normalized by fetal sex, may reflect sexually dimorphic action of phthalates on placental function and on genital development.
Indexed as
Environmental ExposureAdultChild DevelopmentChorionic GonadotropinFemaleGenitalia, FemaleGenitalia, MaleHumansInfant, NewbornMalePhthalic AcidsPregnancySex DifferentiationYoung AdultChorionic Gonadotropinphthalic acidPhthalic Acids
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