ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Treatment With Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Interferon-β1b Improves Outcome of MERS-CoV Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Common Marmoset.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 415 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Trial of Efficacy and Safety of an Early OUTpatient Treatment of COVID-19 in Patients With Risk Factor for Poor Outcome: a Strategy to Prevent Hospitalization
Trial of Early Therapies During Non-hospitalized Outpatient Window (TREAT NOW) for COVID-19
An Open-label Randomised Controlled Trial on Dual Therapy With Interferon Beta-1b and Clofazimine Combination, as Treatment for COVID-19 Infection
An Open-label Randomised Controlled Trial on IFN Beta-1b and Ribavirin Combination, as Treatment for Covid-19 Infection
An Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial on Interferon β-1b and Remdesivir Combination Versus Remdesivir as Treatment for COVID-19 Infection
Who cites it
415 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 622 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of arbidol versus lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Coinfection: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Challenges.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Pooled it
- Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review ofTheranostics · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Lopinavir/ritonavir for treatment of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Comparing the effectiveness of Atazanavir/Ritonavir/Dolutegravir/Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir/Hydroxychloroquine treatment regimens in COVID-19 patients.Journal of medical virology · 2021Trial
- An investigation into the beneficial effects of high-dose interferon beta 1-a, compared to low-dose interferon beta 1-a in severe COVID-19: The COVIFERON II randomized controlled trial.International immunopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial.Intensive care medicine · 2021Trial
- No clinical benefit of high dose corticosteroid administration in patients with COVID-19: A preliminary report of a randomized clinical trial.European journal of pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Effect of Early Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Lopinavir and Ritonavir on Risk of Hospitalization Among Patients With COVID-19: The TOGETHER Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Tailoring combinational therapy with Monte Carlo method-based regression modeling.Fundamental research · 2025Article
- IL-37 possesses both anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Potential Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents: A Key Arsenal Against Newly Emerging and Reemerging Respiratory RNA Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Harnessing Antiviral Peptides: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2025Review
- Harnessing immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers as human-derived adjuvants for MERS-CoV vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Beneficial effect of sequential treatment with high-dose steroids and short-course oral glucocorticoids in patients with severe influenza virus-associated pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Harnessing the power of IFN for therapeutic approaches to COVID-19.Journal of virology · 2024Review
- Review
- Establishment of a screening platform based on human coronavirus OC43 for the identification of microbial natural products with antiviral activity.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Comparative efficacy of repurposed drugs lopinavir-ritonavir and darunavir-ritonavir in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: insights from a tertiary centre cohort.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
355 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe disease in human with an overall case-fatality rate of >35%. Effective antivirals are crucial for improving the clinical outcome of MERS. Although a number of repurposed drugs, convalescent-phase plasma, antiviral peptides, and neutralizing antibodies exhibit anti-MERS-CoV activity in vitro, most are not readily available or have not been evaluated in nonhuman primates. We assessed 3 repurposed drugs with potent in vitro anti-MERS-CoV activity (mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon-β1b) in common marmosets with severe disease resembling MERS in humans. The lopinavir/ritonavir-treated and interferon-β1b-treated animals had better outcome than the untreated animals, with improved clinical (mean clinical scores ↓50.9%-95.0% and ↓weight loss than the untreated animals), radiological (minimal pulmonary infiltrates), and pathological (mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia) findings, and lower mean viral loads in necropsied lung (↓0.59-1.06 log10 copies/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH]; P < .050) and extrapulmonary (↓0.11-1.29 log10 copies/GAPDH; P < .050 in kidney) tissues. In contrast, all MMF-treated animals developed severe and/or fatal disease with higher mean viral loads (↑0.15-0.54 log10 copies/GAPDH) than the untreated animals. The mortality rate at 36 hours postinoculation was 67% (untreated and MMF-treated) versus 0-33% (lopinavir/ritonavir-treated and interferon-β1b-treated). Lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon-β1b alone or in combination should be evaluated in clinical trials. MMF alone may worsen MERS and should not be used.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.