ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2015
Spatial Distribution of Dengue in a Brazilian Urban Slum Setting: Role of Socioeconomic Gradient in Disease Risk.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Beyond the Mosquito: Social Determinants of Health and Global Strategies for Aedes-Borne Disease Control.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of the data, methods and environmental covariates used to map Aedes-borne arbovirus transmission risk.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Socioeconomic risk markers of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Spatial connectivity in mosquito-borne disease models: a systematic review of methods and assumptions.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2021Pooled it
- Household and community drivers of Aedes aegypti infestation in tropical cities: Guiding community-led interventions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of machine learning strategies for short-term dengue forecasting in Brazilian capital municipalities.International journal of biometeorology · 2026Article
- Leveraging Public Health Informatics Through the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) Framework in Community-Based Surveillance of Bangladesh.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Co-production of informal settlement health: a community based participatory research program for building healthy communities in urban informal settlements of Salvador, Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal patterns and entomological predictors of dengue transmission in Urban Surat, India (2016-2020): A surveillance-based risk modelling study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne and other zoonotic RNA viruses: pathogenesis, climate-driven dynamics, and strategies for global control.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Social determinants impact both viral infections and brain development.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Understanding the social determinants of Aedes-borne diseases in Iran: A qualitative exploration of challenges and policy solutions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Dengue dynamics beyond biological factors: Revealing the nexus between urbanisation planning, and mobilities in Vientiane, Lao PDR.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Long-term persistence of serum IgM antibodies against chikungunya virus in patients with chronic arthralgia.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and Geographical Factors Associated with Dengue in Bangladesh: A Multicenter Study of the 2023 Dengue Epidemic.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- High-resolution spatiotemporal analysis of chikungunya epidemics between 2019 and 2020 in Salvador, Brazil: a municipality-level transmission dynamics study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020-2021): a population-based survey.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Suppression of Aedes albopictus in Sri Lanka using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) with a sustained effect.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Understanding the factors contributing to dengue virus and chikungunya virus seropositivity and seroconversion among children in Kenya.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew studies of dengue have shown group-level associations between demographic, socioeconomic, or geographic characteristics and the spatial distribution of dengue within small urban areas. This study aimed to examine whether specific characteristics of an urban slum community were associated with the risk of dengue disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsFrom 01/2009 to 12/2010, we conducted enhanced, community-based surveillance in the only public emergency unit in a slum in Salvador, Brazil to identify acute febrile illness (AFI) patients with laboratory evidence of dengue infection. Patient households were geocoded within census tracts (CTs). Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical data were obtained from the 2010 national census. Associations between CTs characteristics and the spatial risk of both dengue and non-dengue AFI were assessed by Poisson log-normal and conditional auto-regressive models (CAR). We identified 651 (22.0%) dengue cases among 2,962 AFI patients. Estimated risk of symptomatic dengue was 21.3 and 70.2 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in 2009 and 2010, respectively. All the four dengue serotypes were identified, but DENV2 predominated (DENV1: 8.1%; DENV2: 90.7%; DENV3: 0.4%; DENV4: 0.8%). Multivariable CAR regression analysis showed increased dengue risk in CTs with poorer inhabitants (RR: 1.02 for each percent increase in the frequency of families earning ≤1 times the minimum wage; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), and decreased risk in CTs located farther from the health unit (RR: 0.87 for each 100 meter increase; 95% CI: 0.80-0.94). The same CTs characteristics were also associated with non-dengue AFI risk. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the large burden of symptomatic dengue on individuals living in urban slums in Brazil. Lower neighborhood socioeconomic status was independently associated with increased risk of dengue, indicating that within slum communities with high levels of absolute poverty, factors associated with the social gradient influence dengue transmission. In addition, poor geographic access to health services may be a barrier to identifying both dengue and non-dengue AFI cases. Therefore, further spatial studies should account for this potential source of bias.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.