ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2015
Precision medicine for metastatic breast cancer--limitations and solutions.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Application and prospect of organoid technology in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- The role of nutrition in harnessing the immune system: a potential approach to prevent cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- A multicenter, randomized, open label, two formulation, crossover bioequivalence trial of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomal injection in Chinese patients with metastatic breast cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Multi-omic molecular profiling guide's efficacious treatment selection in refractory metastatic breast cancer: a prospective phase II clinical trial.Molecular oncology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Evaluation of Experiences With Ecological Momentary Assessment Among Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer: Qualitative Study.JMIR cancer · 2026Observational
- Predicting hormone receptor status in tumors: An innovative approach using breast ultrasound-radiomics combined model.Medicine · 2026Article
- Oleanolic acid and its derivatives in breast cancer therapy: mechanistic insights, structural modifications, and novel delivery strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Pushing the boundaries of radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations: highlights from the 7Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Scaffolds functionalized with matrix metalloproteinase-responsive release of miRNA for synergistic magnetic hyperthermia and sensitizing chemotherapy of drug-tolerant breast cancer.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Cytokeratin expression in breast cancer: from mechanisms, progression, diagnosis, and prognosis to therapeutic implications.Molecular & cellular oncology · 2025Review
- Phenolic-enabled nanotechnology: a new strategy for central nervous system disease therapy.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2024Review
- Copy number alterations in metastatic and early breast tumours: prognostic and acquired biomarkers of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Impact of Nanomedicine in Women's Metastatic Breast Cancer.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Review
- Combinatory electric-field-guided deposition for spatial microparticles patterning.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Review
- Longitudinal analysis of circulating tumor cell numbers improves tracking metastatic breast cancer progression.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Circulating tumor DNA validity and potential uses in metastatic breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2024Review
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of precision medicine for the management of metastatic breast cancer is an appealing concept; however, major scientific and logistical challenges hinder its implementation in the clinic. The identification of driver mutational events remains the biggest challenge, because, with the few exceptions of ER, HER2, PIK3CA and AKT1, no validated oncogenic drivers of breast cancer exist. The development of bioinformatic tools to help identify driver mutations, together with assessment of pathway activation and dependency should help resolve this issue in the future. The occurrence of secondary resistance, such as ESR1 mutations, following endocrine therapy poses a further challenge. Ultra-deep sequencing and monitoring of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) could permit early detection of the genetic events underlying resistance and inform on combination therapy approaches. Beside these scientific challenges, logistical and operational issues are a major limitation to the development of precision medicine. For example, the low incidence of most candidate genomic alterations hinders randomized trials, as the number of patients to be screened would be too high. We discuss these limitations and the solutions, which include scaling-up the number of patients screened for identifying a genomic alteration, the clustering of genomic alterations into pathways, and the development of personalized medicine trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.