ArticlePediatrics2015
Antibiotic Exposure and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study.
Article in Pediatrics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association of Early-Life Exposures With Later Diagnosis of Spondyloarthritis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.The Journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Gut microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate alphavirus arthritis and macrophage activation in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Recent antibiotic exposure and response to treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective cohort study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Association between asthma and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children in the United States: a propensity score weighted cross-sectional study.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2026Article
- Stewardship in your pocket: launching Colorado's free antimicrobial mobile application.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Regional Gastrointestinal Permeability Patterns in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Window into Subclinical Inflammation and Microbiota-Driven Disease Mechanisms.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Early Childhood Antibiotics and Chronic Pediatric Conditions: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy or early infancy and the risk of autoimmune disease in children: A nationwide cohort study in Korea.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Integrative pharmacovigilance and AI-based framework uncovers potential drug triggers in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Arthritis Is Associated with Concomitant Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of antibiotics, hospitalisation and surgical complications on self-reported immunological vulnerability following paediatric open-heart surgery and thymectomy: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Oral and middle ear delivery of otitis media standard of care antibiotics, but not biofilm-targeted antibodies, alter chinchilla nasopharyngeal and fecal microbiomes.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Interventions to de-implement unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for ear infections (DISAPEAR Trial): protocol for a cluster-randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Construction and validation of a machine learning model for the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis based on fecal microbiota.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Gut dysbiosis mediates the association between antibiotic exposure and chronic disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Next Steps in Ambulatory Stewardship.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Reducing length of antibiotics for children with ear infections: protocol for a cluster-randomized trial in the USA.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2023Article
- The clinical and experimental treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveRecent evidence has linked childhood antibiotic use and microbiome disturbance to autoimmune conditions. This study tested the hypothesis that antibiotic exposure was associated with newly diagnosed juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
methodsWe performed a nested case-control study in a population-representative medical records database from the United Kingdom. Children with newly diagnosed JIA were compared with age- and gender-matched control subjects randomly selected from general practices containing at least 1 case, excluding those with inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, or other systemic rheumatic diseases. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between antibacterial antibiotics (including number of antibiotic courses and timing) and JIA after adjusting for significant confounders.
resultsAny antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased rate of developing JIA (adjusted odds ratio: 2.1 [95% confidence interval: 1.2-3.5]). This relationship was dose dependent (adjusted odds ratio over 5 antibiotic courses: 3.0 [95% confidence interval: 1.6-5.6]), strongest for exposures within 1 year of diagnosis, and did not substantively change when adjusting for number or type of infections. In contrast, nonbacterial antimicrobial agents (eg, antifungal, antiviral) were not associated with JIA. In addition, antibiotic-treated upper respiratory tract infections were more strongly associated with JIA than untreated upper respiratory tract infections.
conclusionsAntibiotics were associated with newly diagnosed JIA in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in a large pediatric population. Antibiotic exposure may play a role in JIA pathogenesis, perhaps mediated through alterations in the microbiome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.