ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2015
Garcinia xanthochymus Benzophenones Promote Hyphal Apoptosis and Potentiate Activity of Fluconazole against Candida albicans Biofilms.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiofilm and Anti-Hyphal Activities of Halogenated Benzophenones Against Azole-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Repurposing Plant-Based Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors: A Review of Novel Therapeutic Strategies Against Drug-Resistant Fungal Biofilms.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Garcinol in gastrointestinal cancer prevention: recent advances and future prospects.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Review
- In Vitro Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of AgMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Phytochemicals and Biological Activities ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Xanthochymol and garcinol, isoprenylated benzophenones purified from Garcinia xanthochymus fruits, showed multiple activities against Candida albicans biofilms. Both compounds effectively prevented emergence of fungal germ tubes and were also cytostatic, with MICs of 1 to 3 μM. The compounds therefore inhibited development of hyphae and subsequent biofilm maturation. Xanthochymol treatment of developing and mature biofilms induced cell death. In early biofilm development, killing had the characteristics of apoptosis, including externalization of phosphatidyl serine and DNA fragmentation, as evidenced by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence. These activities resulted in failure of biofilm maturation and hyphal death in mature biofilms. In mature biofilms, xanthochymol and garcinol caused the death of biofilm hyphae, with 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of 30 to 50 μM. Additionally, xanthochymol-mediated killing was complementary with fluconazole against mature biofilms, reducing the fluconazole EC50 from >1,024 μg/ml to 13 μg/ml. Therefore, xanthochymol has potential as an adjuvant for antifungal treatments as well as in studies of fungal apoptosis.
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Registered trials
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