ArticleCancer medicine2015
Incidence and persistence of carcinogenic genital human papillomavirus infections in young women with or without Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between human papillomavirus and chlamydia trachomatis infection risk in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of public health · 2019Pooled it
- Cervical Cancer Induction Enhancement Potential of Chlamydia Trachomatis: A Systematic Review.Current microbiology · 2018Pooled it
- Synergism on Cancer Development of Human Papillomavirus and Chlamydia Trachomatis Co-Infection.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Azithromycin alters the microbiome composition, function and resistome in women with Chlamydia trachomatis infections.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Cervico-Vaginal Microbiome Dynamics Across HPV-Driven Lesion Stages in Moroccan Women.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Chlamydia trachomatis enhances HPV persistence through immune modulation.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Cytokine profiling of samples positive for Chlamydia trachomatis and Human papillomavirus.PloS one · 2023Article
- Review
- Dysbiosis of vaginal microbiota associated with persistent high-risk human papilloma virus infection.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- The diversity of vaginal microbiome in women infected with single HPV and multiple genotype HPV infections in China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Correlation between vaginal microbiota and different progression stages of cervical cancer.Genetics and molecular biology · 2022Article
- Longer duration of anti-retroviral therapy is associated with decreased risk of human papillomaviruses detection in Kenyan women living with HIV.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Association of sexually transmitted infections and human papillomavirus co-infection with abnormal cervical cytology among women in Saudi Arabia.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2020Article
- The Role of HPV and Non-HPV Sexually Transmitted Infections in Patients with Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Control Study.Cancers · 2020Article
- Article
- Microbes in Tumoral In Situ Tissues and in Tumorigenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Vaginal Microbiota and Cytokine Microenvironment in HPV Clearance/Persistence in Women Surgically Treated for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: An Observational Prospective Study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We assessed whether infection with chlamydia increases the incidence of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and if HPV persistence is affected by chlamydia co-infection. For 1982 women (16-29 years-old) participating in two consecutive rounds of a chlamydia screening implementation trial, swabs were polymerase chain reaction tested to detect chlamydia and 14 carcinogenic HPV genotypes. HPV type-specific incidence and persistence rates were stratified for chlamydia positivity at follow-up. Associations were assessed by multilevel logistic regression analyses with correction for sexual risk factors. HPV type-specific incidence ranged from 1.4% to 8.9% and persistence from 22.7% to 59.4% after a median follow-up of 11 months (interquartile range: 11-12). Differences in 1-year HPV persistence rates between chlamydia -infected and noninfected women were less distinct than differences in HPV incidence rates (pooled adjusted odds ratios of 1.17 [95% CI: 0.69-1.96] and 1.84 [95% CI: 1.36-2.47], respectively). The effect of chlamydia co-infection on HPV-infection risk did not significantly differ by HPV genotype. In conclusion, infection with chlamydia increases the risk of infection by carcinogenic HPV types and may enhance persistence of some HPV types. Although these findings could reflect residual confounding through unobserved risk factors, our results do give reason to explore more fully the association between chlamydia and HPV type-specific acquisition and persistence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.