Trial reportBlood2015
Cladribine and cytarabine in refractory multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis: results of an international phase 2 study.
Trial report in Blood, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Institutional Study for the Treatment of Children With Newly Diagnosed Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Using a Cytarabine Contained Protocol
A Real-world Investigation of the Combination of Darafenib or Trametinib and Clofarabine in the Treatment of High-risk, Recurrent, or Refractory Pediatric Patients With Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clofarabine for relapsed/refractory LCH and non-LC histiocytosis.Blood advances · 2026Trial
- Phase 2 study of oral thalidomide-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone for recurrent/refractory adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis.Leukemia · 2022Trial
- Post-hoc analysis of induction failure in pediatric LCH: the JLSG-02 and LCH-12 clinical trials.International journal of hematology · 2026Article
- Article
- Histiocytosis development and clinical variation through the lens of genomics.The Journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Patterns and Outcomes of Recurrence in Pediatric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.Journal of hematology · 2026Article
- Efficacy, safety, and relapse outcomes of MAPK inhibitors in pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A real-world study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Cell-free BRAFHaematologica · 2026Article
- Isolated Esophageal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in an Adult: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Targeted therapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis with maxillofacial involvement in 20 children.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Article
- Survival outcomes and adverse prognostic factors of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a 40-year experience from a single tertiary center in Thailand.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Structural and functional hepatic factors as prognostic indicators in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Enigmatic Case of Adult-Onset Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Aggressive Bony Involvement.Journal of Brown hospital medicine · 2026Article
- Advances in the diagnosis and management of pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Rosai-Dorfman disease: therapies, biomarkers, and response assessment.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2025Review
- Histiocyte Society blueprint for Langerhans cell histiocytosis research: from cell-of-origin to a more comprehensive cure.Haematologica · 2025Review
- Quality of life, fatigue, depression, attention deficits, and pain after childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis.Blood neoplasia · 2025Article
- Differential Gene Analysis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and the Significance of MMP1-Targeted Drug Repositioning.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis hematological involvement: severity associated with BRAFV600E loads.Blood · 2025Article
- Advances in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Effective vemurafenib monotherapy for refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis with sustained results post-withdrawal for over two years: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
17 authors at 13 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An international phase 2 study combining cladribine and cytarabine (Ara-C) was initiated for patients with refractory, risk-organ-positive Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in 2005. The protocol, comprising at least two 5-day courses of Ara-C (1 g/m(2) per day) plus cladribine (9 mg/m(2) per day) followed by maintenance therapy, was administered to 27 patients (median age at diagnosis, 0.7 years; median follow-up, 5.3 years). At inclusion, all patients were refractory after at least 1 course of vinblastine (VBL) plus corticosteroid, all had liver and spleen involvement, and 25 patients had hematologic cytopenia. After 2 courses, disease status was nonactive (n = 2), better (n = 23), or stable (n = 2), with an overall response rate of 92%. Median disease activity scores decreased from 12 at the start of therapy to 3 after 2 courses (P < .0001). During maintenance therapy, 4 patients experienced reactivation in risk organs. There were 4 deaths; 2 were related to therapy toxicity and 2 were related to reactivation. All patients experienced severe toxicity, with World Health Organization grade 4 hematologic toxicity and 6 documented severe infections. The overall 5-year survival rate was 85% (95% confidence interval, 65.2%-94.2%). Thus, the combination of cladribine/Ara-C is effective therapy for refractory multisystem LCH but is associated with high toxicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.