ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
Masking of antigenic epitopes by antibodies shapes the humoral immune response to influenza.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Antibody reactivity against EBNA1 and GlialCAM differentiates multiple sclerosis patients from healthy controls.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Assembly and performance of a cholera RDT prototype that detects bothJournal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Factors determining the outcomes of immune imprinting after repeated orthoflavivirus infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune imprinting: The persisting influence of the first antigenic encounter with rapidly evolving viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Serodynamics: A primer and synthetic review of methods for epidemiological inference using serological data.Epidemics · 2024Review
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- Influenza virus antibodies inhibit antigen-specificJournal of virology · 2024Article
- Generation of antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells by heterologous immunization enhances the magnitude of the germinal center response upon influenza infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Influenza virus antibodies inhibit antigen-specificbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- AS03 adjuvant enhances the magnitude, persistence, and clonal breadth of memory B cell responses to a plant-based COVID-19 vaccine in humans.Science immunology · 2024Article
- Goldilocks Zone of Preexisting Immunity: Too Little or Too Much Suppresses Diverse Antibody Responses Against Influenza Viruses.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Dynamics of antibody engagement of red blood cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The impact of pre-existing influenza antibodies and inflammatory status on the influenza vaccine responses in older adults.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Immune Imprinting and Implications for COVID-19.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Impact of antigenic evolution and original antigenic sin on SARS-CoV-2 immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The immune responses to influenza, a virus that exhibits strain variation, show complex dynamics where prior immunity shapes the response to the subsequent infecting strains. Original antigenic sin (OAS) describes the observation that antibodies to the first encountered influenza strain, specifically antibodies to the epitopes on the head of influenza's main surface glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (HA), dominate following infection with new drifted strains. OAS suggests that responses to the original strain are preferentially boosted. Recent studies also show limited boosting of the antibodies to conserved epitopes on the stem of HA, which are attractive targets for a 'universal vaccine'. We develop multi-epitope models to explore how pre-existing immunity modulates the immune response to new strains following immunization. Our models suggest that the masking of antigenic epitopes by antibodies may play an important role in describing the complex dynamics of OAS and limited boosting of antibodies to the stem of HA. Analysis of recently published data confirms model predictions for how pre-existing antibodies to an epitope on HA decrease the magnitude of boosting of the antibody response to this epitope following immunization. We explore strategies for boosting of antibodies to conserved epitopes and generating broadly protective immunity to multiple strains.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.