ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2015
Expert consensus document: European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 387 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
387 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 848 citations in OpenAlex.
- A de novo SOX11 mutation causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a case report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Reversal of Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Gonadotropin Therapy for Mini-Puberty Induction in Male Infants With Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- "Management of andrological disorders from childhood and adolescence to transition age: guidelines from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) in collaboration with the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP)-Part-1".Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Guideline
- Regional genotypic variations in normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: our experience and systematic review.Pituitary · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review and standardized clinical validity assessment of genes involved in female reproductive failure.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Pubertal induction and transition to adult sex hormone replacement in patients with congenital pituitary or gonadal reproductive hormone deficiency: an Endo-ERN clinical practice guideline.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Guideline
- Comparison of outcomes between pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone and combined gonadotropin therapy of spermatogenesis in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Trial
- Update on testosterone deficiency and therapeutic options for testosterone replacement therapy.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- The Spectrum of Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A 30-Year Experience at a Tertiary Paediatric Centre.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Article
- Genetic landscape of a neonatal hypogonadotropic hypogonadism series: Novel variants and phenotypic spectrum.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Jacobs Syndrome Presenting With Delayed Puberty and Central Hypogonadism: A Rare Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Combined HS6ST1 and HS6ST2 loss disrupts the formation and migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Incomplete male puberty: a new nosographic entity.Endocrine · 2026Review
- Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and anti-Müllerian hormone: insights for fertility assessment.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Management of andrological disorders from childhood and adolescence to transition age: guidelines from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) in collaboration with the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP) - part-2.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Genetics of Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic HypogonadismJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Review
- Reversible congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: keys for clinical management.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Gene set enrichment analysis of curated monogenic loci highlights key pathways and multisystem involvement in male infertility.Basic and clinical andrology · 2026Article
- Beyond Identifier Matching: An Empirical Characterization of Failure Modes in Biomedical Knowledge Graph Integration.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
327 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 14 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder caused by the deficient production, secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is the master hormone regulating the reproductive axis. CHH is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with >25 different causal genes identified to date. Clinically, the disorder is characterized by an absence of puberty and infertility. The association of CHH with a defective sense of smell (anosmia or hyposmia), which is found in ∼50% of patients with CHH is termed Kallmann syndrome and results from incomplete embryonic migration of GnRH-synthesizing neurons. CHH can be challenging to diagnose, particularly when attempting to differentiate it from constitutional delay of puberty. A timely diagnosis and treatment to induce puberty can be beneficial for sexual, bone and metabolic health, and might help minimize some of the psychological effects of CHH. In most cases, fertility can be induced using specialized treatment regimens and several predictors of outcome have been identified. Patients typically require lifelong treatment, yet ∼10-20% of patients exhibit a spontaneous recovery of reproductive function. This Consensus Statement summarizes approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of CHH and discusses important unanswered questions in the field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.