Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26194004›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2015

Increasing trend of fluconazole-non-susceptible Cryptococcus neoformans in patients with invasive cryptococcosis: a 12-year longitudinal study.

Yi-Chun Chen, Tzu-Yao Chang, Jien-Wei Liu, Fang-Ju Chen, Chun-Chih Chien, Chen-Hsiang Lee, Cheng-Hsien Lu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. A review of the current anti-New microbes and new infections · 2026
    Review
  6. Molecular Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026
    Article
  7. InFuture microbiology · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Antifungal Resistance in Cryptococcal Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
  12. Genotyping Analysis ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  13. Methods for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of theJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Searching for new antifungals for the treatment of cryptococcosis.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2023
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. In Silico Structural Modeling and Analysis of Interactions ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yi-Chun ChenDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. sonice83@yahoo.com.tw.
Tzu-Yao ChangDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. robins.chang@msa.hinet.net.
Jien-Wei LiuDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. jwliu@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
Fang-Ju ChenDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. basophil2000@yahoo.com.tw.
Chun-Chih ChienDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. jessica0307@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
Chen-Hsiang LeeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. lee900@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
Cheng-Hsien LuChang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan. chlu99@ms44.url.com.tw.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to investigate the rate of fluconazole-non-susceptible Cryptococcus neoformans in Southern Taiwan for the period 2001-2012 and analyze the risk factors for acquiring it among patients with invasive cryptococcosis.

methodsAll enrolled strains were isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid samples of the included patients. If a patient had multiple positive results for C. neoformans, only the first instance was enrolled. Susceptibility testing was performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutes M27-A3 broth micro-dilution method. The MIC interpretative criteria for susceptibility to fluconazole were ≤ 8 μg/ml. A total of 89 patients were included. Patients (n = 59) infected by fluconazole-susceptible strains were compared with those (n = 30) infected by non-susceptible strains. The patients' demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed.

resultsThe rate of fluconazole-non-susceptible C. neoformans in the study period significantly increased over time (p < 0.001). The C. neoformans isolated in 2011-2012 (odds ratio: 10.68; 95 % confidence interval: 2.87-39.74; p < 0.001) was an independent predictive factor for the acquisition of fluconazole-non-susceptible C. neoformans.

conclusionsThe rate of fluconazole-non-susceptible C. neoformans has significantly increased recently. Continuous and large-scale anti-fungal susceptibility tests for C. neoformans are warranted to confirm this trend.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAntifungal AgentsCerebrospinal FluidCryptococcosisCryptococcus neoformansDrug Resistance, BacterialFemaleFluconazoleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSerotypingAntifungal AgentsFluconazole

Identifiers

PMID26194004
PMCPMC4509779

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.