ArticlePreventive medicine2015
Nicotine replacement therapy and other interventions for pregnant smokers: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2009-2010.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Pregnancy and Child Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of e-cigarette taxes on prepregnancy and prenatal smoking.Journal of policy analysis and management : [the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management] · 2023Article
- Safety of Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Early Life Exposure to Nicotine: Postnatal Metabolic, Neurobehavioral and Respiratory Outcomes and the Development of Childhood Cancers.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Review
- Letter to the Editor on 'Smoking cessation in pregnancy: An update for maternity care practitioners'.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- Neonatal Nicotine Exposure Primes Midbrain Neurons to a Dopaminergic Phenotype and Increases Adult Drug Consumption.Biological psychiatry · 2019Article
- E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers.Journal of health economics · 2019Article
- Smoking cessation in pregnancy: An update for maternity care practitioners.Tobacco induced diseases · 2019Review
- Examining pregnant smokers' attitudes toward cessation aids and electronic nicotine delivery systems.The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association · 2018Article
- Developmental nicotine exposure affects larval brain size and the adult dopaminergic system of Drosophila melanogaster.BMC developmental biology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCurrent U.S. guidelines recommend consideration of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for pregnant smokers if behavioral therapies fail, only under close supervision of a provider, and after discussion of known risks of continued smoking and possible risks of NRT. The percentage of pregnant smokers offered NRT by their prenatal care providers is unknown. PURPOSE: The study aims to calculate the percentage of pregnant smokers offered cessation intervention and NRT and assess independent associations between selected maternal characteristics and being offered NRT.
methodsData were analyzed from the 2009-2010 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from four states that asked about provider practices for prenatal smoking cessation. Adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated to examine associations between being offered NRT, selected maternal characteristics, and smoking level. Variables used in adjusted models were based on factors associated with smoking cessation during pregnancy from prior literature and included race, age, education, insurance type, and stress.
resultsOf 3559 women who smoked 3months before pregnancy, 77.4% (95% CI: 74.2, 80.3) of 3rd trimester smokers and 42% (95% CI: 38.5, 46.4) of women who quit smoking during pregnancy were offered at least one cessation method. Among smokers, 19.1% (95% CI: 16.5, 22.1) were offered NRT and of these, almost all (94%) were offered another cessation method.
conclusionsOne in five pregnant smokers was offered NRT. About a quarter of pregnant smokers did not receive any interventions to stop smoking. There may still be reluctance to provide NRT to pregnant women, despite known harms of continued smoking during pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.