ReviewNature reviews. Neuroscience2015
Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder.
Review in Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 282 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
282 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 504 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosomes: New biomarker and therapeutic candidates in autism spectrum disorder research.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Pooled it
- Peripheral Blood Monocytes as Biomarkers of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Pooled it
- Global autism prevalence, and exploring Montessori as a practical educational solution: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- In search of immune cellular sources of abnormal cytokines in the blood in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of case-control studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Aberrant IL-17 Levels in Rodent Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Regulatory T lymphocytes/Th17 lymphocytes imbalance in autism spectrum disorders: evidence from a meta-analysis.Molecular autism · 2021Pooled it
- The effectiveness and adverse effects of D-cycloserine compared with placebo on social and communication skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Brief Report: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, Proof-of-Concept Study of Minocycline in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Immune and Autoimmune Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Linking Molecular Pathways to Neuropsychological Trajectories Across the Lifespan.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Circulating neuronal proteins are elevated in severe autism and associated with patient-specific neuronal dysfunction and behavioral deficits.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Inflammatory cytokine alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- A Developmental Neuroimmune Cascade Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Association between telomere length and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Salivary Oxytocin and Socio-Emotional Functioning in Children and Adolescents With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Modeling Prenatal Immune Activation in Human Brain Organoids Uncovers IL-6-Dependent Interneuron Dysmaturation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals Epigenetic Signatures in Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Prenatal maternal immune activation triggers lasting cell-specific transcriptomic dysregulation in the amygdala of primate offspring.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Role of Mast Cells and Neuroinflammation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders of the Developmental Period.Biomolecules · 2026Review
222 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a central role for immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several ASD risk genes encode components of the immune system and many maternal immune system-related risk factors--including autoimmunity, infection and fetal reactive antibodies--are associated with ASD. In addition, there is evidence of ongoing immune dysregulation in individuals with ASD and in animal models of this disorder. Recently, several molecular signalling pathways--including pathways downstream of cytokines, the receptor MET, major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, microglia and complement factors--have been identified that link immune activation to ASD phenotypes. Together, these findings indicate that the immune system is a point of convergence for multiple ASD-related genetic and environmental risk factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.