ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2015
Form and function: how estrogen and progesterone regulate the mammary epithelial hierarchy.
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abrupt involution induces inflammation, estrogenic signaling, and hyperplasia linking lack of breastfeeding with increased risk of breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Pooled it
- Nutrition Across the Life Course and Risk of Young-Onset Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Prevention Opportunities.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Enforced ZFP281 expression delays breast cancer initiation and can provide lifelong protection against breast cancer metastasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The mTOR signaling pathway regulates key steps of mammary gland organoid genesis in a temporal manner.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The role ofArchives animal breeding · 2026Article
- Prior Cancer among Men Diagnosed with Breast Cancer is Associated with Worse Overall Survival but Equivalent Breast Cancer-Specific Survival.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- Morphophysiology and Hormonal Control of the Mammary Gland of the Bat Artibeus lituratus During Gestation and Lactation: Emphasis on Estradiol and Progesterone.Journal of morphology · 2025Article
- RNA-seq dataset of the estrogen-dependent regulation of the transcriptome in mouse mammary gland organoids.Data in brief · 2025Article
- Establishment and molecular characterization of novel luminal A and luminal B canine mammary cancer cell lines for comparative oncology.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Manganese-induced Precocious Puberty Alters Mammary Epithelial Cell Proliferation in Female Rats.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- Article
- Regional variations and socioeconomic factors influencing sex hormone profiles in adolescent girls in Ghana.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- The Aqueous Extract ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Mini-Puberty, Physiological and Disordered: Consequences, and Potential for Therapeutic Replacement.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- Benign phyllodes tumour in a transgender woman receiving hormonal therapy.BMJ case reports · 2024Article
- Single-Cell Transcription Mapping of Murine and Human Mammary Organoids Responses to Female Hormones.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Article
- Article
- Induction of lactation in a patient with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2023Article
- Cell type and stage specific transcriptional, chromatin and cell-cell communication landscapes in the mammary gland.Heliyon · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes dramatic post-natal growth beginning at puberty, followed by full development occurring during pregnancy and lactation. Following lactation, the alveoli undergo apoptosis, and the mammary gland reverses back to resemble the nonparous gland. This process of growth and regression occurs for multiple pregnancies, suggesting the presence of a hierarchy of stem and progenitor cells that are able to regenerate specialized populations of mammary epithelial cells. Expansion of epithelial cell populations in the mammary gland is regulated by ovarian steroids, in particular estrogen acting through its receptor estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone signaling through progesterone receptor (PR). A diverse number of stem and progenitor cells have been identified based on expression of cell surface markers and functional assays. Here we review the current understanding of how estrogen and progesterone act together and separately to regulate stem and progenitor cells within the human and mouse mammary tissues. Better understanding of the hierarchal organization of epithelial cell populations in the mammary gland and how the hormonal milieu affects its regulation may provide important insights into the origins of different subtypes of breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.