SynthesisClinical rheumatology2015
Smoking and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical rheumatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of tobacco smoking on cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and correlates of antinuclear antibodies in a Japanese community sample: a cross-sectional study.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review on the Prevalence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and the Possible Associated Factors.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pregnancy complications and new-onset maternal autoimmune disease.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Women suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus are characterized by low blood levels of α-dicarbonyl compounds.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2024Article
- The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Systemic Sclerosis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Review
- Systematic replication of smoking disease associations using survey responses and EHR data in the All of Us Research Program.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Article
- Risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview of systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2023Review
- Disentangling the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Close Ties between Immunological, Genetic and Environmental Factors.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Life factors acting on systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Associations Between Smoking and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Related Cytokines and Chemokines Among US Female Nurses.Arthritis care & research · 2021Article
- Association of macronutrients and dietary patterns with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in the Black Women's Health Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Interaction between theAnnals of the rheumatic diseases · 2021Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Estrogen-Related Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Review
- The Impact of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).ACR open rheumatology · 2021Article
- Cutaneous Manifestations of "Lupus": Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Beyond.International journal of rheumatology · 2021Review
- Tobacco smoking is an independent factor associated with retinal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional and retrospective study.Rheumatology international · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Lupus in the United States: Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III).Frontiers in medicine · 2020Article
- Review
- Relationship of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption to Incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Prospective Cohort Study of Black Women.Arthritis care & research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Published articles reported controversial results about the association of smoking with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A meta-analysis was performed to assess the aforementioned association and arrive at a more precise estimate of effect. A comprehensive search was performed to identify case-control or cohort studies (from 1990 to 2015) of the aforementioned association. The I (2) statistic was used to examine between-study heterogeneity. Fixed or random effect model was selected based on heterogeneity test among studies. Publication bias was estimated using Egger's regression asymmetry test. A total of 12 published articles with 13 studies were finally included in our meta-analysis. Results showed that the pooled odds ratio (OR) for SLE risk was 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-1.95) among current smokers compared with nonsmokers. For ex-smokers versus nonsmokers, the pooled OR for SLE risk was 1.23 (95% CI = 0.93-1.63). Subgroup analysis by geographic location and cumulative meta-analysis were also analyzed. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that smoking increased the risk of SLE. Further studies are needed to confirm this result.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.