ReviewHormones and behavior2015
Estrogen-cholinergic interactions: Implications for cognitive aging.
Review in Hormones and behavior, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uric acid levels and risk of cognitive impairment: Dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of Endocrine Therapy on Cognitive Functions of Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.Clinical drug investigation · 2016Pooled it
- Cognitive complaints are associated with smaller right medial temporal gray-matter volume in younger postmenopausal women.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Estradiol modulated brain connectivity in females during midlife performing an episodic memory task.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Chronic stress alters neurotransmitter co-expression and disrupts context discrimination in a sex-dependent manner.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Protective effects ofBiomedical reports · 2026Article
- Sex differences in neuromodulatory subcortical systems and their implications for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- The neuromodulatory fragility hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The Role and Mechanism of Estrogen in Perimenopausal Depression.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Perinatal Exposure to the Neonicotinoid Thiacloprid Impacts Transcription of Neuroplasticity and Neuroendocrine Markers in Mice but Not in the Zebrafish Model.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Safety and Cognitive Benefits of a Novel Functional Drink from a Purple Waxy Corn Byproduct in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exogenous Administration of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Affects Adult Hippocampal Neurotransmission in Female Wistar Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Using estrogen and progesterone to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postnatal depression and menopausal depression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Estrogen, menopause, and Alzheimer's disease: understanding the link to cognitive decline in women.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Omega-3-Rich Tuna Oil Derived from By-Products of the Canned Tuna Industry Enhances Memory in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Menopause.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Estrogenic endocrine disruptor exposure directly impacts erectile function.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Sex-dependent cholinergic effects on amyloid pathology: A translational study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Choline kinase alpha genotype is related to hippocampal brain volume and cognition in postmenopausal women.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Effect of estradiol with or without micronized progesterone on cholinergic-related cognitive performance in postmenopausal women.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Associations of endogenous estrogens, plasma Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, andFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and Cognition". While many studies in humans have investigated the effects of estrogen and hormone therapy on cognition, potential neurobiological correlates of these effects have been less well studied. An important site of action for estrogen in the brain is the cholinergic system. Several decades of research support the critical role of CNS cholinergic systems in cognition in humans, particularly in learning and memory formation and attention. In humans, the cholinergic system has been implicated in many aspects of cognition including the partitioning of attentional resources, working memory, inhibition of irrelevant information, and improved performance on effort-demanding tasks. Studies support the hypothesis that estradiol helps to maintain aspects of attention and verbal and visual memory. Such cognitive domains are exactly those modulated by cholinergic systems and extensive basic and preclinical work over the past several decades has clearly shown that basal forebrain cholinergic systems are dependent on estradiol support for adequate functioning. This paper will review recent human studies from our laboratories and others that have extended preclinical research examining estrogen-cholinergic interactions to humans. Studies examined include estradiol and cholinergic antagonist reversal studies in normal older women, examinations of the neural representations of estrogen-cholinergic interactions using functional brain imaging, and studies of the ability of selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen to interact with cholinergic-mediated cognitive performance. We also discuss the implications of these studies for the underlying hypotheses of cholinergic-estrogen interactions and cognitive aging, and indications for prophylactic and therapeutic potential that may exploit these effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.