ArticleImmunity2015
Long-Lived Plasma Cells Are Contained within the CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) Subset in Human Bone Marrow.
Article in Immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04372615 (A Phase-2b, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Activity and Safety of Inebilizumab in Anti-Nmda Receptor Encephalitis and Assess Markers of Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 322 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase-2b, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Activity and Safety of Inebilizumab in Anti-Nmda Receptor Encephalitis and Assess Markers of Disease
Who cites it
322 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 523 citations in OpenAlex.
- CAR-based cellular therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: an overlap-controlled systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of exercise on markers of B cell-related immunity: A systematic review.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Pooled it
- The diversity of the plasmablast signature across species and experimental conditions: A meta-analysis.Immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Histamine receptor 2 blockade selectively impacts B and T cells in healthy subjects.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Article
- CD19 CAR T cell therapy for treatment-refractory seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: a phase 1 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Ex vivo bone marrow subniches influence the fate of human antibody-secreting cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- The multifaceted roles of tumor-infiltrating plasma cells in cancer immunology.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- CAR T cell therapy beyond cancer: current status, challenges and future prospects.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Protocol for selective in vivo labeling of bone marrow plasma cells by intrafemoral antibody injection in mice.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Expansion and safety profile of CD28-costimulated anti-CD19 CAR T cells in B-cell lymphoma versus autoimmune disease.HemaSphere · 2026Article
- Review
- Emerging chemical strategies for CD38 inhibition: restoring NADBioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Article
- Prospective Cohort Study of Felzartamab in Rituximab-Resistant Primary Membranous Nephropathy.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit distinct pharyngeal mucosal B cell responses in children.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multi-omic profiling of human antibody-secreting cells reveals diverse subsets sustain durable humoral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Influence of B cell-lineage targeted CAR-T cell therapy on humoral immunity and vaccine-induced antibody response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cell intrinsic versus cell extrinsic control of plasma cell longevity.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- CAR T cell therapy in autoantibody-mediated neurological disorders: a promising strategy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
262 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antibody responses to viral infections are sustained for decades by long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). However, LLPCs have yet to be characterized in humans. Here we used CD19, CD38, and CD138 to identify four PC subsets in human bone marrow (BM). We found that the CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) subset was morphologically distinct, differentially expressed PC-associated genes, and exclusively contained PCs specific for viral antigens to which the subjects had not been exposed for more than 40 years. Protein sequences of measles- and mumps-specific circulating antibodies were encoded for by CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) PCs in the BM. Finally, we found that CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) PCs had a distinct RNA transcriptome signature and human immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH) repertoire that was relatively uncoupled from other BM PC subsets and probably represents the B cell response's "historical record" of antigenic exposure. Thus, our studies define human LLPCs and provide a mechanism for the life-long maintenance of anti-viral antibodies in the serum.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.