ArticlePloS one2015
Time-Dependent Protection of CB2 Receptor Agonist in Stroke.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Cannabinoids on Ischemic Stroke-Associated Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- β-caryophyllene, a CB2-selective phytocannabinoid, differentially modulates attention and inhibitory control in low- and high-performing young and aged mice.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Role of transforming growth factorβ in neurovascular unit during cerebral small vessel disease.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Review
- Novel floxed cannabinoid receptor 2 mouse line combines knockout capability with dual fluorescent reporters.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Potential of CBD Acting on Cannabinoid Receptors CBInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Stroke: Increased Risk or Potential for Protection-A Narrative Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Neuroprotection and Beyond: The Central Role of CB1 and CB2 Receptors in Stroke Recovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Implications of Microglial Regulation in Neuroplasticity-Dependent Stroke Recovery.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Amorfrutin B Protects Mouse Brain Neurons from Hypoxia/Ischemia by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Autophagy Processes Through Gene Methylation- and miRNA-Dependent Regulation.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies: New Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Intracellular Molecular Targets and Signaling Pathways Involved in Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabinoids in Neurodegenerative Conditions.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Endocannabinoid System of the Blood-Brain Barrier: Current Understandings and Therapeutic Potentials.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2022Review
- In vivo Imaging of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors: Functional and Structural Alterations in Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia by PET and MRI.Molecular imaging and biology · 2022Article
- New Insights and Potential Therapeutic Targeting of CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors in CNS Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Potential Role of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- The Endocannabinoid System in Glial Cells and Their Profitable Interactions to Treat Epilepsy: Evidence from Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Effect of Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Modulation on the Peripheral Immune Response in Central Nervous System Injury-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Article
- Characterization of CB2 Receptor Expression in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.Translational stroke research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) agonists reduce neurodegeneration after brain injury through anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the time-dependent interaction of CB2R and inflammation in stroke brain. Adult male rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). CB2R mRNA expression was significantly elevated >20 fold on day 2, peaked >40-fold on day 5, and normalized on day 10 post-stroke. Inflammatory markers IBA1 and TLR4 were significantly upregulated 15 fold until day 5 after MCAo. Because of the delayed upregulation of CB2R and IBA1, we next treated animals daily with CB2R agonist AM1241 or anti-inflammatory PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone from 2 to 5 days after MCAo. Delayed treatment with pioglitazone significantly reduced abnormal neurological scores and body asymmetry as well as brain infarction in stroke animals. No behavioral improvement or reduction in brain infarction was found in animals receiving AM1241. Pioglitazone, but not AM1241, significantly reduced IBA1 expression in the stroke cortex, suggesting that delayed treatment with AM1241 failed to alter ischemia-mediated IBA-1 upregulation. In contrast, pretreatment with AM1241 significantly reduced brain infarction and neurological deficits. In conclusion, our data support a time-dependent neuroprotection of CB2 agonist in an animal model of stroke. Delayed post- treatment with PPAR-γ agonist induced behavioral recovery and microglial suppression; early treatment with CB2R agonist suppressed neurodegeneration in stroke animals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.