Trial reportThe American journal of drug and alcohol abuse2015
Re-training automatic action tendencies to approach cigarettes among adolescent smokers: a pilot study.
Trial report in The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cognitive Bias Modification for Behavior Change in Alcohol and Smoking Addiction: Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data.Neuropsychology review · 2019Pooled it
- Tobacco cessation interventions for young people.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- The effects of approach bias modification on smoking cue-reactivity in individuals who smoke: A randomized controlled fMRI study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Approach Bias and Tobacco Craving as Mechanisms of the Effect of Approach Bias Retraining on Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Approach bias retraining to augment smoking cessation: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Trial
- A Pilot Study on Approach Bias Modification in Smoking Cessation: Activating Personalized Alternative Activities for Smoking in the Context of Increased Craving.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Trial
- "Push it!" or "Hold it!"? A comparison of nicotine-avoidance training and nicotine-inhibition training in smokers motivated to quit.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- A multi-site proof-of-concept investigation of computerized approach-avoidance training in adolescent cannabis users.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Approach bias modification for cannabis use disorder: A proof-of-principle study.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2018Trial
- Impulsivity and approach tendencies towards cigarette stimuli: Implications for cigarette smoking and cessation behaviors among youth.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Theory-based strategies to enhance interventions for smoking: Relevance to a digital intervention.Behaviour research and therapy · 2025Review
- Reaction-time task reliability is more accurately computed with permutation-based split-half correlations than with Cronbach's alpha.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- Chatting your way to quitting: A longitudinal exploration of smokers' interaction with a cessation chatbot.Internet interventions · 2025Article
- Approach-Bias Retraining and Other Training Interventions as Add-On in the Treatment of AUD Patients.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Using eye tracking to evaluate the impact of smartphone-delivered attentional bias modification training for smokers.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
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- Combining Web-Based Attentional Bias Modification and Approach Bias Modification as a Self-Help Smoking Intervention for Adult Smokers Seeking Online Help: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2020Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis pilot study conducted a preliminary examination of whether Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM), a computerized task to retrain cognitive-approach biases towards smoking stimuli (a) changed approach bias for cigarettes, and (b) improved smoking cessation outcomes in adolescent smokers.
methodsSixty adolescent smokers received four weeks of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation, with CBM (90% avoidance/10% approach for smoking stimuli and 10% avoidance/90% approach for neutral stimuli) or sham (50% avoidance/50% approach for smoking and neutral stimuli) training in the Netherlands (n = 42) and the United States (n = 18).
resultsWhile we did not observe changes in action tendencies related to CBM, adolescents with higher smoking approach biases at baseline had greater decreases in approach biases at follow-up, compared to adolescents with smoking avoidance biases, regardless of treatment condition (p = 0.01). Intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses showed that CBM, when compared with sham trended toward higher end-of-treatment, biochemically-confirmed, seven-day point prevalence abstinence, (17.2% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.071). ITT analysis also showed that regardless of treatment condition, cotinine level (p = 0.045) and average number of cigarette smoked (p ≤ 0.001) significantly decreased over the course of treatment.
conclusionsThe findings from this pilot study suggests that re-training approach biases toward cigarettes shows promise for smoking cessation among adolescent smokers. Future research should utilize larger samples and increased distinction between CBM and sham conditions, and examine mechanisms underlying the CBM approach.
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