ReviewMolecular cell2015
Codon Bias as a Means to Fine-Tune Gene Expression.
Review in Molecular cell, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 402 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
402 citing papers in PubMed.
- System reconstruction ofSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2027Article
- Enhancing protein expression in humans through codon optimization with transformer and contrastive learning.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Mutation Pressure and Gene-Specific Selection Shape Codon Usage Bias in the Chloroplast Genomes ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
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- Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Comprehensive post-transcriptional modification profiles in individual Staphylococcus aureus tRNA species.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome of Ligusticum chuanxiong and its evolutionary implications.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Deep learning based attention enhanced phylogenetic radial basis function networks (AE-PRBFN) for genomic codon usage classification across species.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Probing the limits of genetic recoding using multi-omics-guided evolution.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Insights Into Tribal-Level Adaptive Evolution and Phylogeny in Soricinae From Mitogenome of the Chinese EndemicEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Studies on the Identification of the SND Gene Family inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- pCODE tRNA Expression Plasmids Compensate for Rare Codons in Recombinant Protein Production.ACS synthetic biology · 2026Article
- Evidence for Non-optimal Codon Choice in Highly Transcribed Sex-Biased Genes of Drosophila melanogaster.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- Discovery of a novel envelope protein derived from simian retrovirus 2 for pseudotyping retroviral vectors used for production of CAR immune cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- 2'-O-Methylation maintains ribosome structural and translation integrity.Molecular cell · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Genome ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- VaxLab: integrated platform for rapid multistrategy mRNA vaccine design.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Designing a novel multiepitope vaccine candidate against Treponema pallidum via adhesins using reverse vaccinology.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Natural Selection Drives AT-Biased Codon Usage in Mitochondrial Genomes of Early-DivergingJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
342 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The redundancy of the genetic code implies that most amino acids are encoded by multiple synonymous codons. In all domains of life, a biased frequency of synonymous codons is observed at the genome level, in functionally related genes (e.g., in operons), and within single genes. Other codon bias variants include biased codon pairs and codon co-occurrence. Although translation initiation is the key step in protein synthesis, it is generally accepted that codon bias contributes to translation efficiency by tuning the elongation rate of the process. Moreover, codon bias plays an important role in controlling a multitude of cellular processes, ranging from differential protein production to protein folding. Here we review currently known types of codon bias and how they may influence translation. We discuss how understanding the principles of codon bias and translation can contribute to improved protein production and developments in synthetic biology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.